用于医疗植入物电刺激的压电器件复合材料的设计考虑因素。

Design considerations for piezocomposite materials for electrical stimulation in medical implants.

机构信息

Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.

出版信息

J Med Eng Technol. 2022 Jul;46(5):402-414. doi: 10.1080/03091902.2022.2080881. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Abstract

Incidence of non-union following long bone fracture fixation and spinal fusion procedures is increasing, and very costly for patients and the medical system. Direct current (DC) electrical stimulation has shown success as an adjunct therapy to stimulate bone healing and increase surgery success rates, though drawbacks of current devices and implantable battery packs have limited widespread use. Energy harvesting utilising piezoelectric materials has been widely studied for powering devices without a battery, and a preclinical animal study has shown efficacy of a piezocomposite spinal fusion implant resulting in faster, more robust fusion. Most piezoelectric energy harvesters operate most effectively at high frequencies, limiting power generation from loads experienced by orthopaedic implants during human motion. This work characterises the efficient power generation capability of a novel composite piezoelectric material under simulated walking loads. Building on compliant layer adaptive composite stacks (CLACS), the power generation of mixed-mode CLACS (MMCLACS) is defined. Utilising poling direction to capitalise on in-plane strain generation due to compliant layer expansion, MMCLACS significantly increased power output compared to a standard piezo stack. The combination of radial and through-thickness poled piezoelectric elements within a stack to create MMCLACS significantly increases power generation under low-frequency dynamic loads. This technology can be adapted to a variety of architectures and assembled as a load-bearing energy harvester within current implants. MMCLACS integrated with implants would provide enough power to deliver bone healing electrical stimulation directly to the fusion site, decreasing non-union rates, and also could provide quantitative assessment of healing progression through load sensing.

摘要

长骨骨折固定和脊柱融合手术后的非愈合发生率正在增加,这对患者和医疗系统来说都是非常昂贵的。直流(DC)电刺激已被证明是一种辅助治疗方法,可刺激骨愈合并提高手术成功率,但目前设备和可植入电池组的缺点限制了其广泛应用。利用压电材料进行能量收集已广泛用于为无需电池的设备供电,一项临床前动物研究表明,压电复合材料脊柱融合植入物具有疗效,可实现更快、更稳健的融合。大多数压电能量收集器在高频下最有效地工作,限制了骨科植入物在人体运动中所经历的负载的发电功率。本工作在模拟步行负载下对新型复合压电材料的高效发电能力进行了表征。在顺应层自适应复合堆叠(CLACS)的基础上,定义了混合模式 CLACS(MMCLACS)的发电。利用极化方向利用顺应层膨胀产生的平面内应变,MMCLACS 与标准压电堆叠相比显著提高了功率输出。在堆叠中组合径向和贯穿厚度极化的压电元件以创建 MMCLACS 可显著增加低频动态负载下的发电。这项技术可以适应各种架构,并作为当前植入物中的承重能量收集器进行组装。与植入物集成的 MMCLACS 可提供足够的电力,将骨愈合电刺激直接输送到融合部位,降低非愈合率,并且还可以通过负载感应对愈合进展进行定量评估。

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