Environmental Health Research Department, 65740National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea.
College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, 34962Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2022 Jan-Dec;41:9603271221106336. doi: 10.1177/09603271221106336.
In water, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), a source for chlorine gas generation, releases free available chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidizing agent. NaDCC has been used as a disinfectant in humidifiers; however, its inhalation toxicity is a concern. Seven-week-old rats were exposed to NaDCC doses of 100, 500, and 2500 μg·kg body weight by intratracheal instillation (ITI) to investigate pulmonary toxicity. The rats were sacrificed at 1 d (exposure group) or 14 d (recovery group) after ITI. Despite a slight decrease in body weight after exposure, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and NaDCC-treated groups. A significant increase in the total protein level of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed in the exposure groups. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage into the BALF increased significantly ( < 0.01) in the exposure groups; however, recovery was observed after 14 d. The measurement of cytokines in the BALF samples indicated a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-6 in the exposure group and IL-8 in the recovery group. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory foci and pulmonary edema around the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. This study demonstrated that ITI of NaDCC induced reversible pulmonary edema and inflammation without hepatic involvement in rats.
在水中，二氯异氰尿酸钠（NaDCC）是氯气生成的来源，它以次氯酸的形式释放出游离的有效氯，这是一种强氧化剂。NaDCC 已被用作加湿器中的消毒剂；然而，其吸入毒性令人担忧。通过气管内滴注（ITI），将 7 周龄大鼠暴露于 100、500 和 2500μg·kg 体重的 NaDCC 剂量下，以研究其肺部毒性。在 ITI 后 1 天（暴露组）或 14 天（恢复组）处死大鼠。尽管暴露后体重略有下降，但对照组和 NaDCC 处理组之间没有统计学上的显著差异。暴露组的支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）总蛋白水平显著增加。乳酸脱氢酶漏入 BALF 显著增加（<0.01），但在 14 天后恢复。BALF 样本中细胞因子的测量表明，暴露组白细胞介素（IL）-6 显著增加，恢复组 IL-8 增加。组织病理学检查显示，ITI 的 NaDCC 诱导了大鼠可逆性肺水肿和炎症，而没有肝受累。
