Scheer Jillian R, Batchelder Abigail W, Wang Katie, Pachankis John E
Department of Psychology, Syracuse University.
Harvard Medical School, Harvard University.
Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2022 Jun;9(2):222-235. doi: 10.1037/sgd0000477. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
Gender-based stressors (e.g., sexism) are rooted in hegemonic masculinity, a cultural practice that subordinates women and stems from patriarchal social structures and institutions. Sexism has been increasingly documented as a key driver of mental and behavioral health issues among women, yet prior research has largely focused on heterosexual women. The current study examined associations between sexism and mental health (i.e., psychological distress) and behavioral health (i.e., alcohol- and drug-related consequences) among sexual minority women (SMW). We also examined whether these associations might be more pronounced among SMW who identify as gender minorities (e.g., gender nonbinary, genderqueer) or are masculine-presenting compared to those who identify as cisgender women or are feminine-presenting. Participants included 60 SMW (ages 19-32; 55.0% queer, 43.3% gender minority, 41.7% racial and ethnic minority) who completed self-report measures of sexism, psychological distress, and alcohol- and drug-related consequences. Results indicated that sexism was positively associated with psychological distress, alcohol-related consequences, and drug-related consequences, respectively. In addition, sexism was associated with worse mental and behavioral health outcomes among SMW who identify as gender minorities or are masculine-presenting compared to SMW who identify as cisgender or are feminine-presenting. Findings provide evidence that the health impact of gender-based stressors among SMW may differ based on whether SMW identify as gender minorities and based on the extent to which SMW violate traditional gender norms.
基于性别的压力源（例如性别歧视）植根于霸权男性气质，这是一种使女性处于从属地位的文化习俗，源于父权制社会结构和制度。性别歧视越来越多地被证明是女性心理和行为健康问题的关键驱动因素，但先前的研究主要集中在异性恋女性身上。本研究调查了性少数女性（SMW）中性别歧视与心理健康（即心理困扰）和行为健康（即与酒精和药物相关的后果）之间的关联。我们还研究了与认同为顺性别女性或表现出女性特质的性少数女性相比，这些关联在认同为性别少数群体（例如性别非二元、性别酷儿）或表现出男性特质的性少数女性中是否可能更明显。参与者包括60名性少数女性（年龄在19至32岁之间；55.0%为酷儿，43.3%为性别少数群体，41.7%为种族和族裔少数群体），她们完成了关于性别歧视、心理困扰以及与酒精和药物相关后果的自我报告测量。结果表明，性别歧视分别与心理困扰、与酒精相关的后果以及与药物相关的后果呈正相关。此外，与认同为顺性别或表现出女性特质的性少数女性相比，在认同为性别少数群体或表现出男性特质的性少数女性中，性别歧视与更差的心理和行为健康结果相关。研究结果提供了证据，表明基于性别的压力源对性少数女性健康的影响可能因性少数女性是否认同为性别少数群体以及她们违反传统性别规范的程度而有所不同。
