Weinhold Kellie R, Andridge Rebecca R, Bomser Joshua A, Sasaki Geoffrey Y, Bruno Richard S, Orchard Tonya S
Human Sciences Department, College of Education and Human Ecology, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nutr Health. 2022 Jun 9:2601060221106819. doi: 10.1177/02601060221106819.
Restricting dietary sugar is a leading recommendation, but limited biomarkers assessing intake exist. Although 24-h urinary sucrose (U-Suc) and urinary fructose (U-Fruc) excretion has been used with mixed success, collection is burdensome.
This study aimed to test the sensitivity of an enzymatic assay of U-Suc and U-Fruc to detect changing added sugar intake using low-burden overnight urine samples in 30 postmenopausal women.
Women consumed usual dietary intake during day 1 and usual intake plus a sugar sweetened beverage during day 2. Weighed, photographed food records assessed intake. Enzymatic assay measured U-Suc and U-Fruc from fasting overnight samples; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) validated U-Suc findings.
Dietary added sugars increased significantly during day 2 (p < 0.001), but urinary sugars were not significantly increased. Enzymatic assay detected urinary sugars in 75% (U-Suc) and 35% (U-Fruc) of samples. Dietary sucrose was not associated with U-Suc, however dietary fructose was significantly associated with U-Fruc [β = 0.031; p < 0.05] among women with detectable urinary sugars. Participants with detectable U-Fruc consumed more energy from added sugars [12.6% kcal day 1; 21.5% kcal day 2] than participants with undetectable U-Fruc [9.3% kcal day 1; 17.4% kcal day 2], p < 0.05. Using LC-MS, U-Suc predicted sucrose and added sugar intake [β = 0.017, β = 0.013 respectively; both p < 0.05].
Urinary sugars measured enzymatically from overnight urine samples were not sensitive biomarkers of changing added sugar intake in postmenopausal women. However, urinary fructose measured by enzymatic assay or LC-MS may differentiate low versus high added sugar consumers.
限制膳食糖摄入是一项主要建议，但评估糖摄入量的生物标志物有限。尽管24小时尿蔗糖（U-Suc）和尿果糖（U-Fruc）排泄量的测定结果不一，但样本收集过程繁琐。
本研究旨在测试一种U-Suc和U-Fruc酶法检测的敏感性，该方法使用低负荷的过夜尿液样本，以检测30名绝经后女性添加糖摄入量的变化。
女性在第1天保持常规饮食摄入，在第2天除常规饮食外还饮用一杯加糖饮料。通过称重和拍照记录食物摄入量。采用酶法检测过夜空腹样本中的U-Suc和U-Fruc；液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）法验证U-Suc的检测结果。
第2天膳食中添加糖显著增加（p < 0.001），但尿糖未显著增加。酶法在75%的样本中检测到尿蔗糖（U-Suc），在35%的样本中检测到尿果糖（U-Fruc）。膳食蔗糖与U-Suc无关，但在可检测到尿糖的女性中，膳食果糖与U-Fruc显著相关[β = 0.031；p < 0.05]。可检测到U-Fruc的参与者从添加糖中获取的能量[第1天为12.6%千卡；第2天为21.5%千卡]高于未检测到U-Fruc的参与者[第1天为9.3%千卡；第2天为17.4%千卡]，p < 0.05。使用LC-MS法，U-Suc可预测蔗糖和添加糖的摄入量[β分别为0.017和0.013；均p < 0.05]。
通过酶法检测过夜尿液样本中的尿糖，并非绝经后女性添加糖摄入量变化的敏感生物标志物。然而，通过酶法或LC-MS法检测的尿果糖，可能区分添加糖摄入量低和高的消费者。
