Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany; Research Training Group 2386 "Extrospection", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Philosophy-Neurosciences-Cognition Program, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
Research Training Group 2386 "Extrospection", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Philosophy-Neurosciences-Cognition Program, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Conscious Cogn. 2022 Jul;102:103334. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103334. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Visual illusions provide a compelling case for the idea that perception and belief may remain incongruent. This can be explained by modular theories of mind, but it is not straightforwardly accommodated by the Predictive Processing framework, which takes perceptual and cognitive predictions to derive from the same underlying inferential hierarchy. Recent insights concerning the neural implementation of Predictive Processing may help elucidate this. Specifically, prior information is proposed to be approximated by mechanisms in both the top-down and bottom-up streams of information processing. While the former is context-dependent and flexible in updating, the latter is context-independent and difficult to revise. We propose that a stable divergence between perception and belief may emerge when flexible prior information at higher hierarchical levels contradicts inflexible prior information at lower ones. This allows Predictive Processing to account for conflicting percepts and beliefs while still maintaining a hierarchical and unitary conception of cognition.
视觉错觉为这样一种观点提供了有力的证据，即感知和信念可能仍然不一致。这可以用心智的模块理论来解释，但预测加工框架并不能直接解释，因为预测加工框架认为感知和认知预测都源于相同的潜在推理层次结构。最近关于预测加工的神经实现的新见解可能有助于阐明这一点。具体来说，有人提出，自上而下和自下而上的信息处理流中的机制都可以对先验信息进行近似。虽然前者是上下文相关的，并且在更新时具有灵活性，但后者是上下文独立的，并且难以修改。我们提出，当较高层次的灵活先验信息与较低层次的不灵活先验信息相矛盾时，感知和信念之间可能会出现稳定的分歧。这使得预测加工能够解释相互矛盾的感知和信念，同时仍然保持认知的分层和统一的概念。
