College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
College of Applied Technology, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 26;19(11):6447. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116447.
Numerous countries actively consider the human settlement environment and have implemented rural governance strategies to ameliorate the living conditions of rural dwellers. The construction of a rural human settlement environment is an important goal of China's rural revitalization strategy and improving farmers' well-being is a key element of China's policies on agriculture, farmers, and villages. However, whether a rural human settlement environment enhances farmers' well-being remains untested. By adopting the method of random stratified sampling, this study investigated 1002 farmers inside and outside six nature reserves in Liaoning, China. OLS and ordered probit regression models were used to assess the impact on the well-being and the satisfaction of farmers with their settlement environment around nature reserves from three aspects: the natural ecological environment, the hardware facility environment, and the daily governance environment. The results of this study proved that the construction of a human settlement environment can significantly boost the well-being of farmers. Moreover, the satisfaction towards the natural ecological environment, hardware facility environment, and daily governance environment exerts a substantial impact on the well-being at the significance level of 1%, with a positive sign, showing a stable enhancement role. Among them, the satisfaction with the hardware facility environment was the most essential for improving happiness, with a coefficient of 0.126. A heterogeneity analysis suggests that the positive effect of satisfaction with the human settlement environment on farmers' well-being within nature reserves was more significant in the natural ecological environment, with a coefficient of 0.244; the hardware facility environment had the greatest positive effect on the well-being of farmers outside nature reserves, with a coefficient of 0.224; and the daily governance environment had a greater enhancing effect on the well-being of farmers both inside and outside nature reserves. Based on these results, it is recommended that governments encourage farmers around nature reserves to participate in wildlife accident insurance, strengthen ecological environmental protection, and enhance the hardware facility environment. Furthermore, local governments should disseminate knowledge of human settlement management to farmers and improve the efficiency of human settlement environment management at the grassroots level. Finally, governments should prioritize human settlement environment development and identify the farmers' needs of human settlement environment to enhance their well-being.
许多国家积极考虑人类居住环境，并实施农村治理战略，以改善农村居民的生活条件。农村人居环境建设是中国乡村振兴战略的重要目标，提高农民福祉是中国农业、农村和农民政策的关键要素。然而，农村人居环境是否能提高农民福祉仍有待检验。本研究采用随机分层抽样方法，调查了中国辽宁 6 个自然保护区内外的 1002 名农民。采用 OLS 和有序概率回归模型，从自然生态环境、硬件设施环境和日常治理环境三个方面，评估了自然保护区周边农村人居环境对农民福祉和对居住环境满意度的影响。研究结果证明，人居环境建设可以显著提升农民福祉。此外，对自然生态环境、硬件设施环境和日常治理环境的满意度对农民福祉具有显著正向影响，在 1%的显著性水平上，其符号均为正，表现出稳定的提升作用。其中，对硬件设施环境的满意度对幸福感的提升作用最大，其系数为 0.126。异质性分析表明，自然保护区内农民对人居环境的满意度对其福祉的正向影响在自然生态环境方面更为显著，其系数为 0.244；硬件设施环境对自然保护区外农民福祉的正向影响最大，其系数为 0.224；日常治理环境对自然保护区内外农民福祉的提升作用更大。基于这些结果，建议政府鼓励自然保护区周边农民参与野生动物事故保险，加强生态环境保护，强化硬件设施环境；同时，地方政府应向农民传播人居管理知识，提高基层人居环境管理效率；最后，政府应优先发展人居环境，明确农民对人居环境的需求，以提高农民福祉。
