Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 8B, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 30;19(11):6693. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116693.
This two-year study was focused on the effect of the application of different biomass ash doses on selected soil physical properties, i.e., soil moisture (SM), bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), and soil stability in water measured by the content of readily dispersible clay (RDC), following control and mineral NPK fertilization in the cultivation of winter oilseed rape ( L. var. napus). A one-factor field experiment conducted on podzolic soil (control, NPK, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 kg KO·ha) showed that the use of biomass combustion ash significantly improved soil moisture at all depths and variants, and especially at a depth of 30-35 cm in the 500 kg·ha variant, i.e., by 2.99% /, compared to NPK. In turn, the moisture content in the 30-35 cm layer increased by 3.19% / in all variants in both years compared to the control. In 2020 and 2021, bulk density in the 0-5 cm layer treated with a dose of 500 kg·ha exhibited a positive 0.15 and 0.12 Mg·m decrease, respectively, compared to the control. In both years, the BD values in the 30-35 cm layer were reduced by 0.14 and 0.16 Mg·m compared to the control. The PR values decreased in the treatments with doses of 300, 400, and 500 kg·ha, especially in 2021. The RDC content was found to decline in both years, i.e., 2020 and 2021, upon the application of even the lowest dose (100 kg·ha) in all the analysed layers. The reduction in the RDC content, especially in the 0-5 cm layer, is very important for soil structure stability and to protect the soil environment. This layer is most susceptible to crusting, which results in poor aeration and weak plant emergence during drought and/or periods of excessive moisture. It may also increase surface runoff and intensify soil erosion processes.
这项为期两年的研究集中于研究不同生物质灰剂量对选定土壤物理性质的影响，例如土壤水分（SM）、容重（BD）、穿透阻力（PR）和水稳定性，方法是测量易分散粘粒（RDC）的含量，同时控制和矿物 NPK 施肥在冬油菜（L. var. napus）的种植中。在灰壤上进行的单因素田间试验（对照、NPK、100、200、300、400、500 kg KO·ha）表明，生物质燃烧灰的使用显著改善了所有深度和变体的土壤水分，特别是在 500 kg·ha 变体的 30-35 cm 深度，即与 NPK 相比，增加了 2.99%/。反过来，与对照相比，在两年中，所有变体在 30-35 cm 层的水分含量均增加了 3.19%/。在 2020 年和 2021 年，用 500 kg·ha 剂量处理的 0-5 cm 层的容重分别比对照减少了 0.15 和 0.12 Mg·m。在这两年中，与对照相比，30-35 cm 层的 BD 值分别减少了 0.14 和 0.16 Mg·m。在 300、400 和 500 kg·ha 剂量处理中，PR 值降低，尤其是在 2021 年。在所有分析的土层中，即使应用最低剂量（100 kg·ha），也发现 RDC 含量在两年内都有所下降，即 2020 年和 2021 年。RDC 含量的降低，特别是在 0-5 cm 层，对土壤结构稳定性和保护土壤环境非常重要。这一层最容易结壳，导致在干旱和/或水分过多时期通气不良和植物出苗不良。它还可能增加地表径流并加剧土壤侵蚀过程。
