Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
Oslo New University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 31;19(11):6711. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116711.
Memorials are increasingly used to encourage people to reflect on the past and work through both individual and collective wounds. While much has been written on the history, architectural forms and controversies surrounding memorials, surprisingly little has been done to explore how visitors experience and appropriate them. This paper aims to analyze how different material aspects of memorial design help to create engaging experiences for visitors. It outlines a matrix of ten interconnected dimensions for comparison: (1) use of the vertical and horizontal axis, (2) figurative and abstract representation, (3) spatial immersion and separation, (4) mobility, (5) multisensory qualities, (6) reflective surfaces, (7) names, (8) place of burial, (9) accommodating ritual, and (10) location and surroundings. With this outline, the paper hopes to provide social scientists and practitioners (e.g., architects, planners, curators, facilitators, guides) with a set of key points for reflection on existing and future memorials and possibilities for enhancing visitor engagement with them.
纪念碑越来越多地被用来鼓励人们反思过去，并通过个人和集体的创伤来治愈。虽然已经有很多关于纪念碑的历史、建筑形式和争议的著作，但令人惊讶的是，很少有人探讨游客如何体验和理解它们。本文旨在分析纪念碑设计的不同物质方面如何帮助为游客创造引人入胜的体验。它概述了一个十项相互关联的维度矩阵用于比较：（1）垂直和水平轴的使用，（2）具象和抽象表现，（3）空间沉浸和分离，（4）移动性，（5）多感官品质，（6）反射表面，（7）名称，（8）埋葬地点，（9）容纳仪式，（10）位置和环境。通过这个概述，本文希望为社会科学家和从业者（例如建筑师、规划师、策展人、促进者、导游）提供一套关于现有和未来纪念碑的思考要点，并探讨增强游客对纪念碑的参与度的可能性。
