Wang Mei, Li Jinxia, Zhang Shunyu, You Yue, Zhu Xianyu, Xiang Huandong, Yan Liang, Zhao Feng, Li Yunhui
CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 May 31;12(11):1879. doi: 10.3390/nano12111879.
With the increasing application of nanomaterials in aerospace technology, the long-term space exposure to nanomaterials especially in the space full of radiation coupled with microgravity condition has aroused great health concerns of the astronauts. However, few studies have been conducted to assess these effects, which are crucial for seeking the possible intervention strategy. Herein, using a random positioning machine (RPM) to simulate microgravity, we investigated the behaviors of cells under simulated microgravity and also evaluated the possible toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs), a multifunctional nanomaterial with potential application in aerospace. Pulmonary epithelial cells A549 were exposed to normal gravity (1 g) and simulated gravity (~10 g), respectively. The results showed that simulated microgravity had no significant effect on the viability of A549 cells as compared with normal gravity within 48 h. The effects of TiO NPs exposure on cell viability and apoptosis were marginal with only a slightly decrease in cell viability and a subtle increase in apoptosis rate observed at a high concentration of TiO NPs (100 μg/mL). However, it was observed that the exposure to simulated microgravity could obviously reduce A549 cell migration compared with normal gravity. The disruption of F-actin network and the deactivation of FAK (Tyr397) might be responsible for the impaired mobility of simulated microgravity-exposed A549 cells. TiO NPs exposure inhibited cell migration under two different gravity conditions, but to different degrees, with a milder inhibition under simulated microgravity. Meanwhile, it was found that A549 cells internalized more TiO NPs under normal gravity than simulated microgravity, which may account for the lower cytotoxicity and the lighter inhibition of cell migration induced by the same exposure concentration of TiO NPs under simulated microgravity at least partially. Our study has provided some tentative information on the effects of TiO NPs exposure on cell behaviors under simulated microgravity.
随着纳米材料在航空航天技术中的应用日益增加，纳米材料在长期太空暴露中，尤其是在充满辐射并伴有微重力条件的太空中，已引起宇航员对健康的高度关注。然而，针对这些影响进行评估的研究很少，而这对于寻求可能的干预策略至关重要。在此，我们使用随机定位机（RPM）模拟微重力，研究了细胞在模拟微重力下的行为，并评估了二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO NPs）的潜在毒性，TiO NPs是一种在航空航天领域具有潜在应用价值的多功能纳米材料。肺上皮细胞A549分别暴露于正常重力（1g）和模拟重力（约10g）环境下。结果表明，与正常重力相比，在48小时内模拟微重力对A549细胞的活力没有显著影响。TiO NPs暴露对细胞活力和凋亡的影响较小，仅在高浓度TiO NPs（100μg/mL）时观察到细胞活力略有下降，凋亡率略有增加。然而，观察发现，与正常重力相比，模拟微重力暴露明显降低了A549细胞的迁移能力。F-肌动蛋白网络的破坏和FAK（Tyr397）的失活可能是模拟微重力暴露的A549细胞迁移能力受损的原因。TiO NPs暴露在两种不同重力条件下均抑制细胞迁移，但程度不同，在模拟微重力下抑制作用较轻。同时，发现A549细胞在正常重力下比模拟微重力下摄取更多的TiO NPs，这可能至少部分解释了在模拟微重力下相同暴露浓度的TiO NPs诱导的较低细胞毒性和较轻的细胞迁移抑制作用。我们的研究提供了一些关于TiO NPs暴露对模拟微重力下细胞行为影响的初步信息。
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