Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Molecules. 2022 May 27;27(11):3465. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113465.
α-Aminophosphonates, -phosphinates, and -phosphine oxides are a group of organophosphorus compounds that were investigated as extraction agents for rare earth (RE) metals and actinoids for the first time in the 1960s. However, more systematic investigations of their extraction properties towards REs and actinoids were not started until the 2010s. Indeed, recent studies have shown that these α-amino-functionalized compounds can outperform the commercial organophosphorus extraction agents in RE separations. They have also proven to be very efficient extraction and precipitation agents for recovering Th and U from RE concentrates. These actinoids coexist with REs in some of the commercially important RE-containing minerals. The efficient separation and purification of REs is becoming more and more important every year as these elements have a pivotal role in many existing technologies. If one also considers the facile synthesis of α-amino-functionalized organophosphorus extractants and precipitation agents, it is expected that they will be increasingly utilized in the extraction chemistry of REs and actinoids in the future. This review collates α-aminophosphonates, -phosphinates, and -phosphine oxides that have been utilized in the separation chemistry of REs and actinoids, including their most relevant synthetic routes and molecular properties. Their extraction and precipitation properties towards REs and actinoids are also discussed.
α-氨基膦酸酯、亚膦酸酯和氧化膦是一组有机磷化合物，它们在 20 世纪 60 年代首次被研究作为提取稀土（RE）金属和锕系元素的萃取剂。然而，直到 21 世纪 10 年代，才开始对它们对 RE 和锕系元素的萃取性能进行更系统的研究。事实上，最近的研究表明，这些α-氨基功能化化合物在 RE 分离方面可以优于商业有机磷萃取剂。它们还被证明是从 RE 浓缩物中回收 Th 和 U 的非常有效的萃取和沉淀剂。这些锕系元素与某些商业上重要的含 RE 矿物中的 RE 共存。由于这些元素在许多现有技术中起着关键作用，因此每年对 RE 的高效分离和纯化变得越来越重要。如果再考虑到α-氨基功能化有机磷萃取剂和沉淀剂的易于合成，预计它们在未来的 RE 和锕系元素萃取化学中将会越来越多地被利用。本综述整理了用于 RE 和锕系元素分离化学的α-氨基膦酸酯、亚膦酸酯和氧化膦，包括它们最相关的合成路线和分子性质。还讨论了它们对 RE 和锕系元素的萃取和沉淀性能。
