Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
Molecules. 2022 May 31;27(11):3528. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113528.
Starch is the most abundant carbohydrate in legumes (22-45 g/100 g), with distinctive properties such as high amylose and resistant starch content, longer branch chains of amylopectin, and a C-type pattern arrangement in the granules. The present study concentrated on the investigation of hydrolyzed faba bean starch using acid, assisted by microwave energy, to obtain a possible food-grade coating material. For evaluation, the physicochemical, morphological, pasting, and structural properties were analyzed. Hydrolyzed starches developed by microwave energy in an acid medium had low viscosity, high solubility indexes, diverse amylose contents, resistant starch, and desirable thermal and structural properties to be used as a coating material. The severe conditions (moisture, 40%; pure hydrochloric acid, 4 mL/100 mL; time, 60 s; and power level, 6) of microwave-treated starches resulted in low viscosity values, high amylose content and high solubility, as well as high absorption indexes, and reducing sugars. These hydrolyzed starches have the potential to produce matrices with thermo-protectants to formulate prebiotic/probiotic (symbiotic) combinations and amylose-based inclusion complexes for functional compound delivery. This emergent technology, a dry hydrolysis route, uses much less energy consumption in a shorter reaction time and without effluents to the environment compared to conventional hydrolysis.
豆类中淀粉（22-45 g/100 g）含量最丰富，具有独特的特性，如高直链淀粉和抗性淀粉含量、更长的支链淀粉分支、颗粒中 C 型排列。本研究集中于使用酸辅助微波能量水解蚕豆淀粉，以获得一种可能的食品级涂层材料。为此，对其理化性质、形态、糊化和结构特性进行了分析。在酸性介质中通过微波能量水解得到的淀粉，具有低粘度、高溶解度指数、不同的直链淀粉含量、抗性淀粉以及良好的热性能和结构特性，可作为涂层材料。在微波处理淀粉的剧烈条件（水分 40%、纯盐酸 4 mL/100 mL、时间 60 s、功率水平 6）下，其粘度值较低，直链淀粉含量和溶解度较高，同时具有较高的吸收指数和还原糖。这些水解淀粉有可能生产出具有热保护剂的基质，用于配方前生素/益生菌（共生）组合和基于直链淀粉的包合物，以输送功能性化合物。与传统水解相比，这种新兴的干燥水解路线在更短的反应时间内使用更少的能源，并且不会向环境排放废水。
