Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan.
Hospital Bahawalnagar Punjab, Pakistan.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 May 12;2022:6859798. doi: 10.1155/2022/6859798. eCollection 2022.
For toxicity research, a total of 100 fertilized nonincubated eggs were used for this study. There were two trials in this experiment which were further divided into 2 phases based on a different days of sewage water treatment and observation days. In each trial, 50 eggs were used and divided into 5 groups. Group A, B, and C were treated with three different concentrations of pure and diluted sewage water (100%, 70%, and 30%), respectively. Control group D was given 0.3 ml saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and group E was uninjected. Different parameters such as the embryo's body weight, body length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, and head diameter were determined. In trial 1, eggs were treated with sewage water on 7 day of incubation and opened on 8 day (phase I) and 9 day (phase II). When the trial 1 (phase I) findings were compared to the control groups, it was observed that body weight, body length, forelimb length, and hindlimb length were highly statistically significant differences ( < 0.01), but the head diameter was not significant ( > 0.05). Phase II result showed embryo's head diameter was a highly statistically significant difference ( < 0.01), whereas forelimb length was significant ( < 0.05), and body weight, body length, and hindlimb length were nonsignificant ( > 0.05). In trial 2, eggs were treated with sewage water on 14 day of incubation and opened on 15 day (phase I) and 16 day (phase II). Results of 15 day showed a highly statistically significant ( < 0.01) difference in hindlimb length, while body weight, body length, forelimb length, and head diameter were nonsignificant ( > 0.05). Phase II of trial 2 showed that on 16 day, body weight, body length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, and head diameter showed a nonsignificant ( > 0.05) difference between experimental and control groups. Embryos were observed to be deforming on the 9 day (after 48 hours of exposure to sewage water). Other phases showed no signs of deformation. Except on 8 day of incubation, dose-related mortalities were present in experimental groups, while the control group showed no mortality.
用于毒性研究的总共 100 枚受精未孵化的卵被用于本研究。本实验共进行了两次试验，根据污水处理和观察天数的不同，进一步分为两个阶段。在每次试验中，使用 50 个卵，并将其分为 5 组。A、B 和 C 组分别用三种不同浓度的纯污水和稀释污水（100%、70%和 30%）处理。对照组 D 给予 0.3ml 生理盐水（0.9%NaCl），E 组未注射。测定胚胎体重、体长、前肢长、后肢长和头径等不同参数。在试验 1 中，卵在孵化第 7 天用污水处理，并在第 8 天（第 I 期）和第 9 天（第 II 期）打开。当将试验 1（第 I 期）的结果与对照组进行比较时，观察到体重、体长、前肢长和后肢长有高度统计学意义的差异（<0.01），但头径没有显著性差异（>0.05）。第二期结果显示胚胎的头径有高度统计学意义的差异（<0.01），而前肢长有显著性差异（<0.05），体重、体长和后肢长无显著性差异（>0.05）。在试验 2 中，卵在孵化第 14 天用污水处理，并在第 15 天（第 I 期）和第 16 天（第 II 期）打开。第 15 天的结果显示后肢长有高度统计学意义的差异（<0.01），而体重、体长、前肢长和头径无显著性差异（>0.05）。试验 2 的第二期显示，在第 16 天，实验组和对照组的体重、体长、前肢长、后肢长和头径无显著性差异（>0.05）。第 9 天（暴露于污水后 48 小时）观察到胚胎变形。其他阶段没有变形迹象。除了孵化第 8 天外，实验组出现了与剂量相关的死亡率，而对照组没有死亡。
