Mordillo Enrico, Zago Matteo
Novara Football Club, Novara, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2023 Feb;63(2):223-229. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.22.13923-X. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Despite the constant development of women's football, few studies to date addressed the physical requirements of youth female soccer players in regional (specific) contexts. This research characterized the activity profiles of élite Italian U15, U17 and U19 female games.
Sixty players (U15, N.=18; U17, N.=20; U19, N.=22) from a high-level club in North-East Italy were involved. Players were equipped with a 10-Hz GPS device. Forty-six games were monitored (9 vs. 9 for U15, 11 vs. 11 for U17-U19) and the following dependent variables were extracted: total distance, equivalent distance, normalized distance (m/min) in six speed and metabolic power ranges. Total high-speed (>14.1 km/h) and total high-power (>18 W) distances were computed based on thresholds parametrized to the young female athlete. A multivariate general linear model was fit to analyze the effect of age category, match periods and their interaction.
Some game parameters increased with age, especially from U15 to U17. Among them: total distance (5.5 km, 7.8 km, and 8.8 km for U15, U17, U19), distance at very-high (18-22 km/h) and maximum (>22 km/h) speed, distance at high power (18-31.5 W). Normalized distance was ~90 m/min and comparable among age groups. A reduction of very-high (31.5-49.5 W) and maximum power (>49.5 W) distance was observed in U15 matches, and of high-power distance in U17 and U19.
These findings quantify the physical demands of Italian youth female match-play. These data support evidence-based training planning, set a reference for players approaching higher playing standards, and could suggest informed redesign of playing formats.
尽管女子足球不断发展，但迄今为止，很少有研究探讨地区（特定）背景下青少年女子足球运动员的身体需求。本研究对意大利U15、U17和U19精英女子比赛的活动概况进行了特征描述。
来自意大利东北部一家高级俱乐部的60名球员（U15组18人；U17组20人；U19组22人）参与了研究。球员们配备了一台10赫兹的GPS设备。监测了46场比赛（U15组为9对9，U17 - U19组为11对11），并提取了以下因变量：六个速度和代谢功率范围内的总距离、等效距离、归一化距离（米/分钟）。根据针对年轻女性运动员设定的阈值计算总高速（>14.1公里/小时）和总高功率（>18瓦）距离。采用多元一般线性模型分析年龄组、比赛时段及其交互作用的影响。
一些比赛参数随年龄增长而增加，尤其是从U15到U17。其中包括：总距离（U15组为5.5公里，U17组为7.8公里，U19组为8.8公里）、极高速度（18 - 22公里/小时）和最大速度（>22公里/小时）下的距离、高功率（18 - 31.5瓦）下的距离。归一化距离约为90米/分钟，各年龄组之间相当。在U15比赛中观察到极高功率（31.5 - 49.5瓦）和最大功率（>49.5瓦）距离减少，在U17和U19比赛中高功率距离减少。
这些发现量化了意大利青少年女子比赛的身体需求。这些数据支持基于证据的训练计划制定，为接近更高比赛标准的球员设定了参考，并可能为比赛形式的明智重新设计提供建议。
