Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 May;9(3):463-70. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0120. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
To provide the time-motion and physiological profile of regular training sessions (TS) performed during the competitive season by under-15 (U15), under-17 (U17), and under-19 (U19) elite-level Portuguese soccer players.
One hundred fifty-one elite players of U15 (age 14.0 ± 0.2 y, n = 56), U17 (age 15.8 ± 0.4 y, n = 66), and U19 (age 17.8 ± 0.6 y, n = 29) participated in the study during a 9-wk period. Time-motion and body-impact data were collected using GPS technology (15 Hz) across 38 randomly selected TS that resulted in a total of 612 samples. In addition, heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored (1 Hz) in the selected TS.
The total distances covered (m) were higher in U17 (4648.3 ± 831.9), followed by U19 (4212.5 ± 935.4) and U15 (3964.5 ± 725.4) players (F = 45.84, P < .001). Total body impacts and relative impacts were lower in U15 (total: 490.8 ± 309.5, F = 7.3, P < .01), but no differences were identified between U17 (total: 584.0 ± 363.5) and U19 (total: 613.1 ± 329.4). U19 players had less high- and very-high-intensity activity (above 16 km/h; F = 11.8, P < .001) and moderate-intensity activity (10.0-15.9 km/h; F = 15.07, P < .001). HR values showed significant effects of zone (F = 575.7, P < .001) and interaction with age group (F = 9.7, P < .001), with pairwise differences between all zones (zone 1, <75%; zone 2, 75-84.9%; zone 3, 85-89.9%; zone 4, ≥90%). All players spent most of their time below 75% HRmax (U15, ~50%; U17, ~42%; U19, ~50%).
Results showed high variability between TS, refraining from identifying meaningful trends when measuring performance, although different demands were identified according to age group. The U15 TS were less physiologically demanding, probably because of increased focus on small-sided games to develop basic tactical principles and technical skills. The focus on game-like situations imposed higher external and internal workloads on U17 and U19 players.
提供 15 岁以下（U15）、17 岁以下（U17）和 19 岁以下（U19）精英级葡萄牙足球运动员在竞争赛季中常规训练（TS）的时间动作和生理概况。
151 名 U15（年龄 14.0 ± 0.2 y，n = 56）、U17（年龄 15.8 ± 0.4 y，n = 66）和 U19（年龄 17.8 ± 0.6 y，n = 29）的精英球员在 9 周的时间内参加了这项研究。使用 GPS 技术（15 Hz）在 38 次随机选择的 TS 中收集时间动作和身体冲击数据，共产生 612 个样本。此外，在选定的 TS 中连续监测心率（HR）（1 Hz）。
U17（4648.3 ± 831.9）球员的总跑动距离（m）最高，其次是 U19（4212.5 ± 935.4）和 U15（3964.5 ± 725.4）球员（F = 45.84，P <.001）。U15 球员的总身体冲击和相对冲击较低（总：490.8 ± 309.5，F = 7.3，P <.01），但 U17（总：584.0 ± 363.5）和 U19（总：613.1 ± 329.4）之间没有差异。U19 球员的高强度和极高强度活动（超过 16 km/h；F = 11.8，P <.001）和中等强度活动（10.0-15.9 km/h；F = 15.07，P <.001）较少。HR 值显示区（F = 575.7，P <.001）和与年龄组的交互作用（F = 9.7，P <.001）的显著效果，所有区之间存在差异（区 1，<75%；区 2，75-84.9%；区 3，85-89.9%；区 4，≥90%）。所有球员的大部分时间都在 75% HRmax 以下（U15，50%；U17，42%；U19，~50%）。
结果显示 TS 之间存在高度的可变性，在衡量表现时避免确定有意义的趋势，尽管根据年龄组确定了不同的需求。U15 的 TS 要求较低的生理需求，可能是因为更注重小场比赛以发展基本战术原则和技术技能。U17 和 U19 球员的比赛状情境要求更高的外部和内部工作量。
