Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, No. 23 Baiduizijia, Fuwaidajie St, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Xinyang Road No.39, Daqing 163319, China.
Key Laboratory of Human Factors and Ergonomics for State Market Regulation, China National Institute of Standardization, No. 4 Zhi Chun Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Neurosci Lett. 2022 Jul 13;783:136721. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136721. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
According to attentional control theory and processing efficiency theory, anxiety impairs top-down cognitive control and processing efficiency under threat-related stimuli conditions. However, what is the resulting pattern under an emotionally neutral condition? Therefore, the study examined whether individuals with social anxiety exhibited the cognitive control deficiency in absence of emotional information and how social anxiety modulated cognitive control performance by recording the N2, N450, and SP components in the Stroop task. Behavioral data showed that participants with high social anxiety (HSA) showed slower response times than low social anxiety (LSA). ERP data showed that in HSA participants, congruent trials elicited more negative N2 than incongruent trials, but this was not for LSA ones. The N450 was more negative under incongruent condition than congruent ones. This effect was noticeable in LSA participants, but not in HSA ones. The conflict SP was more positive under incongruent condition than congruent one in HSA participants but not in LSA ones. The significant group differences of the N450 and SP were found mainly for incongruent condition. The present findings indicate that individuals with HSA exhibited cognitive control deficiency for neutral stimuli and an individual's social anxiety modulates the neural correlates of conflict-driven cognitive control.
根据注意控制理论和加工效率理论，焦虑会损害与威胁相关刺激条件下的自上而下的认知控制和加工效率。然而，在情绪中性的条件下会产生什么样的模式呢？因此，该研究通过记录 Stroop 任务中的 N2、N450 和 SP 成分，考察了社交焦虑个体在没有情绪信息的情况下是否存在认知控制缺陷，以及社交焦虑如何调节认知控制表现。行为数据显示，高社交焦虑（HSA）组的参与者反应时间比低社交焦虑（LSA）组慢。ERP 数据显示，在 HSA 参与者中，一致条件下的 N2 比不一致条件下更负，而 LSA 参与者则不是。不一致条件下的 N450 比一致条件下更负。这一效应在 LSA 参与者中明显，但在 HSA 参与者中不明显。在 HSA 参与者中，不一致条件下的冲突 SP 比一致条件下更正，但在 LSA 参与者中则不是。N450 和 SP 的显著组间差异主要存在于不一致条件下。这些发现表明，HSA 个体对中性刺激表现出认知控制缺陷，个体的社交焦虑调节了冲突驱动的认知控制的神经相关物。
