Jansma Amarins, van den Bos Kees, de Graaf Beatrice A
Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
School of Law, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 27;13:778894. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.778894. eCollection 2022.
In this manuscript, we introduce a theoretical model of climate radicalization that integrates social psychological theories of perceived unfairness with historical insights on radicalization to contribute to the knowledge of individuals' processes of radicalization and non-radicalization in relation to climate change. We define climate radicalization as a process of growing willingness to pursue and/or support radical changes in society that are in conflict with or could pose a threat to the status quo or democratic legal order to reach climate goals. We describe how perceptions of unfairness can play a pivotal role in processes of climate change related radicalization. Without taking any position or judgment regarding climate concerns and associated actions, we suggest that although these behaviors drive many people to participate in peaceful climate protest, they may also lead others to radicalize into breaking the law to achieve their climate goals, possibly in violent ways. This process of climate radicalization, we argue, can be driven by people perceiving certain situations to be blatantly unfair. Specifically, we discuss how radical attitudes and behaviors can be products of perceived unfairness stemming from the past, the future, the immediate social environments of perceivers, as well as those that are spatially distant from them. We further argue that because radicalization processes are shaped by an interaction between individuals and movements, on the one hand, and societal actors and developments, on the other, they tend to develop in non-linear and dynamic ways. We therefore propose that climate radicalization is a (1) dynamic, contingent, and non-linear process, often of an escalating (and sometimes de-escalating) kind, (2) that develops over time, (3) through various interactions between individuals and their contexts, and (4) in which people and groups move back and forth from peaceful protest, through disobedient and unlawful methods, to violent actions. Implications, strengths, and limitations of our model are discussed.
在本论文中，我们引入了一个气候激进化的理论模型，该模型将感知不公平的社会心理学理论与激进化的历史见解相结合，以增进我们对个人在气候变化方面激进化和非激进化过程的认识。我们将气候激进化定义为一个人越来越愿意追求和/或支持社会中的激进变革的过程，这些变革与现状或民主法律秩序相冲突或可能对其构成威胁，以实现气候目标。我们描述了不公平感如何在与气候变化相关的激进化过程中发挥关键作用。在不对气候问题及相关行动采取任何立场或评判的情况下，我们认为，尽管这些行为促使许多人参与和平的气候抗议活动，但它们也可能导致其他人激进化，为实现其气候目标而违法，甚至可能采取暴力方式。我们认为，这种气候激进化过程可能是由人们认为某些情况明显不公所驱动的。具体而言，我们讨论了激进态度和行为如何可能是源于过去、未来、感知者当前的社会环境以及与其空间距离较远的环境中所感知到的不公平的产物。我们进一步认为，由于激进化过程一方面受到个人与运动之间的相互作用影响，另一方面受到社会行为者和发展的影响，它们往往以非线性和动态的方式发展。因此，我们提出气候激进化是一个（1）动态、偶然且非线性的过程，通常是不断升级（有时也会降级）的那种，（2）随着时间推移而发展，（3）通过个人与其环境之间的各种相互作用，以及（4）在这个过程中，人们和群体从和平抗议，通过不服从和非法手段，再到暴力行动，不断反复。我们还讨论了我们模型的影响、优势和局限性。
