Holtzman R E, Familitant M E, Deptula P, Hoyer W J
Exp Aging Res. 1986 Summer;12(2):85-8. doi: 10.1080/03610738608259441.
The ability of younger adults (mean age = 35.4 years) and older adults (mean age = 74.12 years) to use syntactic-semantic structure to identify words was examined by presenting word strings in random order and sentence order at subnormal speech rate, and at the speech reception threshold of the participant. Significant facilitation of word recognition occurred in the sentence strings in both age groups. Further, although the younger participants recognized more words in both the scrambled and sentences strings than the elderly, there was no significant difference in the percent benefit to word recognition in the sentence strings. The total pattern of results suggests that the deficit in the elderly participants was due either to age differences in memory and attention, high frequency hearing loss, response bias, or the application by the younger participants of linguistic rules not directly deriving from the presence of sentential structure.
通过以低于正常语速以及参与者的言语接受阈值，以随机顺序和句子顺序呈现单词串，研究了年轻人（平均年龄 = 35.4岁）和老年人（平均年龄 = 74.12岁）利用句法 - 语义结构识别单词的能力。在两个年龄组中，句子串中的单词识别都有显著促进。此外，尽管年轻参与者在打乱顺序和句子顺序的单词串中识别的单词都比老年人多，但在句子串中单词识别的受益百分比没有显著差异。结果的总体模式表明，老年参与者的缺陷要么是由于记忆和注意力的年龄差异、高频听力损失、反应偏差，要么是年轻参与者应用了并非直接源于句子结构存在的语言规则。
