Daba Chala, Atamo Amanuel, Gebrehiwot Mesfin
Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Environ Health Insights. 2022 Jun 6;16:11786302221104949. doi: 10.1177/11786302221104949. eCollection 2022.
Occupational injuries are among the foremost public health problems that small scale enterprise workers are encountering. Most foregoing occupational injury studies focused on construction or welding industry workers which could underestimate the real level of occupational injuries recorded in small scale enterprises. Conversely, others deal with a combined level of injuries from both small scale and large scale enterprises. Therefore, this study examined the magnitude and predictors of occupational injuries among various categories of small scale enterprise workers in Ambo town (Ethiopia).
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed among 408 small scale enterprise workers from September to October 2021. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with occupational injuries. Variables with -value less than .05 were considered as significantly associated with occupational injuries.
The 1-year prevalence of occupational injuries was 39.5% (95% CI: 35-44). Age greater than 40 years (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.53-5.28), working for more than 8 hours per day (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.61-4.95), working during the night time (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.22-3.47), lack of workplace supervision (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.23-5.28), alcohol use (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.24-3.06), chewing (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.27-3.2), non-utilization of personal protective equipment (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.87), and lack of health and safety training (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.26-4.37) were important predictors of occupational injuries.
Our findings indicated a substantial proportion of small scale enterprise workers experienced occupational injuries during the last year. Provision of health and safety training, continuous workplace supervisions, and provision and utilization of personal protective equipment are recommended.
职业伤害是小规模企业工人面临的首要公共卫生问题之一。以往大多数职业伤害研究集中在建筑或焊接行业工人，这可能低估了小规模企业记录的职业伤害实际水平。相反，其他研究涉及小规模和大规模企业的综合伤害水平。因此，本研究调查了埃塞俄比亚安博镇各类小规模企业工人职业伤害的严重程度及预测因素。
2021年9月至10月，对408名小规模企业工人进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来确定与职业伤害相关的因素。P值小于0.05的变量被认为与职业伤害显著相关。
职业伤害的1年患病率为39.5%（95%置信区间：35 - 44）。年龄大于40岁（调整后比值比[AOR]=2.84，95%置信区间：1.53 - 5.28）、每天工作超过8小时（AOR = 2.2，95%置信区间：1.61 - 4.95）、夜间工作（AOR = 2.1，95%置信区间：1.22 - 3.47）、缺乏工作场所监督（AOR = 2.55，95%置信区间：1.23 - 5.28）、饮酒（AOR = 1.95，95%置信区间：1.24 - 3.06）、咀嚼（AOR = 2.01，95%置信区间：1.27 - 3.2）、未使用个人防护设备（AOR = 1.55，95%置信区间：1.03 - 2.87）以及缺乏健康与安全培训（AOR = 2.05，95%置信区间：1.26 - 4.37）是职业伤害的重要预测因素。
我们的研究结果表明，相当一部分小规模企业工人在过去一年中遭受了职业伤害。建议提供健康与安全培训、持续进行工作场所监督以及提供和使用个人防护设备。
