Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2022 Aug;22(8):823-834. doi: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2089118. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
Sporadic or hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon thyroid malignancy arising from calcitonin secreting parafollicular C cells. Interestingly, MTC and calcitonin were distinct entities that were discovered independently yet concurrently, and their association was unknown.
This review aims to present a historical review of the evolution of our understanding of MTC and its tumor marker calcitonin to highlight the prominent individuals that influenced and shaped our knowledge of this uncommon thyroid cancer type up to the dawn of the 21 century. An overview of all published reports of novel research and work summarizing important findings for MTC and calcitonin was carried out.
Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for localized MTC. However, several new treatment options are either available or in development for advanced or metastatic MTC, including several novel small molecules targeting oncogenic and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, immunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation. In the near future, these novel treatments hold promise for therapy of this very distinct thyroid cancer type.
散发性或遗传性甲状腺髓样癌（MTC）是一种罕见的甲状腺恶性肿瘤，起源于降钙素分泌的滤泡旁 C 细胞。有趣的是，MTC 和降钙素是两种截然不同的实体，它们是独立但同时被发现的，它们之间的关联尚不清楚。
本综述旨在回顾我们对 MTC 及其肿瘤标志物降钙素的认识的发展历程，突出那些对我们对这种罕见甲状腺癌类型的认识产生影响和塑造作用的杰出人物，直至 21 世纪初。对所有关于 MTC 和降钙素的新研究报告和总结重要发现的报告进行了概述。
手术仍然是局部 MTC 的治疗基石。然而，对于晚期或转移性 MTC，已经有几种新的治疗选择可用或正在开发中，包括几种针对致癌和肽受体放射性核素治疗、免疫疗法、放射免疫疗法和射频消融的新型小分子药物。在不久的将来，这些新的治疗方法有望为这种非常独特的甲状腺癌类型的治疗提供帮助。
