Mogavero Melanie Clark, Hsu Ko-Hsin, Bolger Philip Colin
Department of Criminal Justice, Anthropology, Sociology, and Human Rights, Georgian Court University, Lakewood, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Behav Sci Law. 2022 Nov;40(6):756-786. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2587. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
The National Registry of Exonerations tracks cases of individuals who have been convicted and exonerated in the United States since 1989. The objective of the current study was to explore the misconduct patterns in violent and sexual offense cases using a novel method with a focus on cases where suspects were falsely accused, either deliberately or by mistaken witness identification. A conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC) was conducted using 1690 males convicted of murder/manslaughter, rape/sexual assault, and child sexual abuse. The results showed that compared to Whites, Blacks had a disproportionate amount of official misconduct in both sexual and non-sexual homicide cases. Blacks also had a disproportionate amount of misconduct by multiple actors and multiple types. Blacks had more cases of mistaken witness identification and a disproportionate amount of official misconduct in sexual assault cases. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
美国国家免罪登记处追踪自1989年以来在美国被定罪然后又被免罪的个人案例。本研究的目的是使用一种新颖的方法，重点关注嫌疑人被故意或因证人错误指认而被错误指控的案件，来探究暴力犯罪和性犯罪案件中的不当行为模式。对1690名被判谋杀/ manslaughter（此处原文有误，可能是manslaughter“过失杀人”）、强奸/性侵犯和儿童性虐待罪的男性进行了案件配置联合分析（CACC）。结果显示，与白人相比，黑人在性犯罪和非性犯罪杀人案件中存在不成比例的官方不当行为。黑人在多名行为人和多种类型的不当行为方面也占比过高。黑人有更多证人错误指认的案例，并且在性侵犯案件中存在不成比例的官方不当行为。文中讨论了相关影响和建议。
