Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hum Factors. 2024 Feb;66(2):451-469. doi: 10.1177/00187208221107721. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
To assess the effect of safety claims and warnings on perceptions of consumer chemical products.
Manufacturers have two contradictory objectives: to increase sales by emphasizing the positive aspects of a product and to protect consumers from hazards of the product. One of the strategies that some manufactures have devised to achieve these goals is to use anti-warnings. Safety claims placed on consumer chemical products were examined to determine if anti-warnings influenced product perceptions.
Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, three consumer chemical products with manipulated safety claims were presented to 300 participants, who completed a survey to rate their perceptions of the products. In Experiment 2, the same products with the safety claims and added warnings were presented to 600 participants and were rated using the same measurements as Experiment 1.
Safety claims on product labels decreased perceived hazards compared to no safety claims on products in both Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 2, added warnings raised the perceived hazards.
The use of safety claims on consumer chemical products had an effect on product perceptions by decreasing hazard perceptions. The addition of strong warnings on product labels mitigated this effect.
This research provides empirical evidence suggesting that the use of safety claims decreased hazard perceptions of potentially hazardous consumer chemical products and can serve as a possible form of anti-warnings.
评估安全声明和警告对消费者化学产品认知的影响。
制造商有两个相互矛盾的目标：通过强调产品的积极方面来增加销售额，以及保护消费者免受产品危害。一些制造商为了实现这些目标而设计的策略之一是使用反警告。对消费者化学产品上的安全声明进行了检查，以确定反警告是否影响产品认知。
进行了两项实验。在实验 1 中，向 300 名参与者展示了三种经过操纵的安全声明的消费用化学品，参与者完成了一项调查，以评估他们对产品的认知。在实验 2 中，向 600 名参与者展示了相同的产品，并添加了安全声明和警告，使用与实验 1 相同的测量方法进行评估。
在实验 1 和实验 2 中，产品标签上的安全声明与产品没有安全声明相比，降低了感知到的危害。在实验 2 中，添加的警告提高了感知到的危害。
在消费者化学产品上使用安全声明会通过降低危害感知来影响产品认知。在产品标签上添加强烈的警告可以减轻这种影响。
这项研究提供了经验证据，表明安全声明降低了对潜在危险的消费者化学产品的危害感知，可以作为一种可能的反警告形式。
