Department of Ruminant Science, Volcani Center, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel.
The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 13;12(1):9721. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13964-x.
The improvement of nutrient utilization efficiency in dairy cows represents an important task in view of the current rising demand for animal products and sustainable resource usage. In this perspective, the identification of appropriate markers to identify the most efficient animals for dairy production becomes a crucial factor. Residual feed intake (RFI), which represents the difference between predicted and actual intake, is used to define the efficiency of cows. In this study, subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) was collected from five high efficient (HEF) and five low efficient (LEF) mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows, that represented subgroups of the 20% lowest RFI values (HEF) and highest 20% RFI values (LEF), out of a cohort of 155 cows that were examined for feed efficiency at the individual dairy barn at Volcani Institute, Israel. Adipose samples were examined for proteomic analysis by nano-LC/MS-MS and gene expression by RT-PCR. A total of 101 differential proteins (P ≤ 0.05 and fold change ± 1.5) and two protein networks related to feed efficiency were found between HEF and LEF cows. Among the enriched top canonical pathways, FAT10 signaling, EIF2 signaling, Sirtuin signaling, Acute phase response signaling, Protein ubiquitination and mTOR signaling pathways were related to feed efficiency in AT. Furthermore, abundance of transferrin (TF; FC = 78.35, P = 0.02) enriched pathways, including mTOR signaling, LXR/RXR and FXR/RXR activation was found in AT of HEF cows. Relative mRNA expression of RBM39, which is involved in energy metabolism, was decreased in AT of HEF versus LEF. The relationship found between the AT proteins and/or metabolic pathways and the feed efficiency demonstrates that AT may reflect metabolic adaptations to high efficiency, and suggests that these proteins together with their metabolic mechanisms are suitable candidates as biomarkers to identify efficient cows for dairy production.
从当前动物产品需求不断增长和可持续资源利用的角度来看，提高奶牛的养分利用效率是一项重要任务。在这方面，确定合适的标记物来识别最适合奶牛生产的动物成为一个关键因素。剩余采食量（RFI）表示预测和实际采食量之间的差异，用于定义奶牛的效率。在这项研究中，从以色列沃尔卡尼研究所个体奶牛场进行饲料效率评估的 155 头奶牛中，选择了 20%最低 RFI 值（高效奶牛，HEF）和最高 20%RFI 值（低效奶牛，LEF）的五个亚群的奶牛，采集其皮下脂肪组织（AT）进行蛋白质组学分析。通过纳升 LC/MS-MS 对脂肪样本进行蛋白质组分析，通过 RT-PCR 对基因表达进行分析。在 HEF 和 LEF 奶牛之间发现了 101 种差异蛋白（P≤0.05，变化倍数±1.5）和两个与饲料效率相关的蛋白质网络。在富集的顶级典型途径中，FAT10 信号、EIF2 信号、Sirtuin 信号、急性期反应信号、蛋白质泛素化和 mTOR 信号途径与 AT 中的饲料效率有关。此外，在 HEF 奶牛的 AT 中，丰度较高的转铁蛋白（TF；FC=78.35，P=0.02）富集途径，包括 mTOR 信号、LXR/RXR 和 FXR/RXR 激活途径。参与能量代谢的 RBM39 的相对 mRNA 表达在 HEF 与 LEF 的 AT 中降低。AT 蛋白和/或代谢途径与饲料效率之间的关系表明，AT 可能反映了对高效率的代谢适应，并表明这些蛋白及其代谢机制是识别适合奶牛生产的高效奶牛的合适候选生物标志物。
