[Morphologico-functional study of the locomotor system of penguins as a principle of the general motor model of "underwater flight." III].

Based on some ideas about the evolution of the underwater flight of penguins (part I) and morphological data obtained by dissection of 26 individuals (part II), a survey is developed about the cooperation and interaction of the components of the muscle apparatus and some ethological peculiarities of Penguins are explained by their anatomical basis. The knowledge of the mechanics of the shoulder joint will be useful for comparative anatomical studies of specimens of recent and fossil birds.