Asrih Mohamed, Sinturel Flore, Dubos Richard, Guessous Idris, Pataky Zoltan, Dibner Charna, Jornayvaz François R, Gariani Karim
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
Endocr Connect. 2022 Jul 12;11(7). doi: 10.1530/EC-22-0054. Print 2022 Jul 1.
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), a key metabolic regulator, is associated with obesity and diabetes in which sex-specific differences have been reported. Thus, we assessed whether GDF15 could be dependent on sex in diabetes and/or obesity groups.
We measured serum GDF15 levels by ELISA in eight lean women and men (n = 16), eight women and eight men having obesity (n = 16), eight women and eight men with type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 16), and seven women and nine men with both diabetes and obesity (n = 16). Estimation of the difference in the means of each group was performed by two-way ANOVA. The interdependence of the different variates was addressed by multivariate analysis. Correlations between GDF15 levels and HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL were explored by linear regression.
Being a woman and having obesity alone or in combination with diabetes decreased GDF15 serum levels (β = -0.47, CI = -0.95, 0.00, P = 0.052; β = -0.45, CI = -0.94, 0.05, P= 0.075). Diabetes independently of metformin treatment and obesity were not predictive of low GDF15 levels (β = 0.10, CI = -0.36, 0.57, P = 0.7). Correlation analysis showed that HOMA-IR (r = 0.45, P = 0.008) and triglycerides (r = 0.41, P = 0.017) were positively correlated and HDL (r = -0.48, P = 0.005) was negatively correlated with GDF15 levels in men.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: GDF15 level was significantly different between men and women, as well as between the groups. Sex and group interaction revealed that being a woman and having obesity alone or in combination with diabetes decreased GDF15 levels.
生长分化因子15（GDF15）是一种关键的代谢调节因子，与肥胖和糖尿病相关，且已有报道称存在性别差异。因此，我们评估了在糖尿病和/或肥胖组中GDF15是否存在性别依赖性。
我们采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测量了8名体重正常的女性和男性（n = 16）、8名肥胖女性和8名肥胖男性（n = 16）、8名2型糖尿病（T2D）女性和8名T2D男性（n = 16）以及7名患有糖尿病和肥胖症的女性和9名患有糖尿病和肥胖症的男性（n = 16）的血清GDF15水平。通过双向方差分析对每组均值差异进行估计。通过多变量分析探讨不同变量之间的相互依赖性。通过线性回归研究GDF15水平与胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）之间的相关性。
女性以及单独患有肥胖症或同时患有糖尿病的女性，其血清GDF15水平降低（β = -0.47，可信区间[CI] = -0.95，0.00，P = 0.052；β = -0.45，CI = -0.94，0.05，P = 0.075）。与二甲双胍治疗无关的糖尿病和肥胖症并不能预测GDF15水平较低（β = 0.10，CI = -0.36，0.57，P = 0.7）。相关性分析显示，男性的HOMA-IR（r = 0.45，P = 0.008）和甘油三酯（r = 0.41，P = 0.017）与GDF15水平呈正相关，HDL（r = -0.48，P = 0.005）与GDF15水平呈负相关。
结论/解读：GDF15水平在男性和女性之间以及不同组之间存在显著差异。性别与分组的交互作用表明，女性以及单独患有肥胖症或同时患有糖尿病的女性，其GDF15水平降低。
