School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India.
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 1;308:119609. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119609. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
Numerous harmful chemicals are introduced every year in the environment through anthropogenic and geological activities raising global concerns of their ecotoxicological effects and decontamination strategies. Biochar technology has been recognized as an important pillar for recycling of biomass, contributing to the carbon capture and bioenergy industries, and remediation of contaminated soil, sediments and water. This paper aims to critically review the application potential of biochar with a special focus on the synergistic and antagonistic effects on contaminant-degrading microorganisms in single and mixed-contaminated systems. Owing to the high specific surface area, porous structure, and compatible surface chemistry, biochar can support the proliferation and activity of contaminant-degrading microorganisms. A combination of biochar and microorganisms to remove a variety of contaminants has gained popularity in recent years alongside traditional chemical and physical remediation technologies. The microbial compatibility of biochar can be improved by optimizing the surface parameters so that toxic pollutant release is minimized, biofilm formation is encouraged, and microbial populations are enhanced. Biocompatible biochar thus shows potential in the bioremediation of organic contaminants by harboring microbial populations, releasing contaminant-degrading enzymes, and protecting beneficial microorganisms from immediate toxicity of surrounding contaminants. This review recommends that biochar-microorganism co-deployment holds a great potential for the removal of contaminants thereby reducing the risk of organic contaminants to human and environmental health.
每年通过人为和地质活动，环境中都会引入大量有害化学物质，这引起了人们对其生态毒性效应和净化策略的广泛关注。生物炭技术已被认为是生物质循环利用的重要支柱，为碳捕获和生物能源产业以及污染土壤、沉积物和水的修复做出了贡献。本文旨在批判性地综述生物炭的应用潜力，特别关注其在单一和混合污染系统中对污染物降解微生物的协同和拮抗作用。由于具有高比表面积、多孔结构和相容的表面化学性质，生物炭可以支持污染物降解微生物的增殖和活性。近年来，生物炭与微生物的组合去除多种污染物的方法与传统的化学和物理修复技术一起受到了广泛关注。通过优化表面参数，可以提高生物炭的微生物相容性，从而最小化有毒污染物的释放、促进生物膜的形成和增强微生物种群。因此，生物相容性生物炭在通过容纳微生物种群、释放污染物降解酶以及保护有益微生物免受周围污染物的即时毒性方面，显示出了在有机污染物生物修复方面的潜力。本综述建议生物炭-微生物共同部署具有去除污染物的巨大潜力，从而降低有机污染物对人类和环境健康的风险。
