United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA.
Mol Reprod Dev. 2023 Jul;90(7):436-444. doi: 10.1002/mrd.23625. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Reproductive failure is the main reason for culling females in swine herds and is both a financial and sustainability issue. Because reproductive traits are complex and lowly to moderately heritable, genomic selection within populations can achieve substantial genetic gain in reproductive efficiency. A better understanding of the physiological components affecting the expression of these traits will facilitate greater understanding of the genes affecting reproductive traits and is necessary to improve and optimize management strategies to maximize reproductive success of gilts and sows. Large-scale genotyping with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and have facilitated identification of positional candidate genes. Transcriptomic data can be used to weight SNP for GWAS and could lead to previously unidentified candidate genes. Resequencing and fine mapping of candidate genes are necessary to identify putative functional variants and some of these have been incorporated into new genotyping arrays. Sequence imputation and genotype by sequence are newer strategies that could reveal novel functional mutations. In this study, these approaches are discussed. Advantages and limitations are highlighted where additional research is needed.
繁殖失败是淘汰母猪群中母猪的主要原因，这既是一个经济问题，也是一个可持续性问题。由于繁殖性状复杂，遗传力低至中度，因此在群体内进行基因组选择可以在繁殖效率方面实现显著的遗传增益。更好地了解影响这些性状表达的生理成分将有助于更好地了解影响繁殖性状的基因，并需要改进和优化管理策略，以最大限度地提高后备母猪和母猪的繁殖成功率。使用单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 芯片进行大规模基因分型可用于全基因组关联研究 (GWAS)，并有助于确定位置候选基因。转录组数据可用于对 GWAS 中的 SNP 进行加权，从而可能导致先前未识别的候选基因。对候选基因进行重测序和精细定位对于鉴定可能的功能变体是必要的，其中一些已经被纳入新的基因分型阵列中。序列推断和序列基因型是较新的策略，可能会揭示新的功能突变。在这项研究中，讨论了这些方法。强调了需要进一步研究的优势和局限性。
