CIDAUT Foundation (Investigación y Desarrollo en Transporte y Energía), Valladolid, Spain.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2022;23(6):372-376. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2084614. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
The anthropomorphic test device (ATD) used in NCAP frontal impact, the Thor 50, has undergone substantial changes for safety restraint systems testing of upcoming autonomous vehicles (AVs), resulting in the Thor-AV 50 M. Likewise, a deep analysis of the ATD for lateral impacts, the WorldSID 50, is needed to determine the requirements it has to fulfill to accurately replicate the human body response under lateral impact. This study sets out general considerations regarding the WorldSID 50 ATD design in order to assess its suitability for AV testing scenarios.
The WorldSID 50 ATD was placed in a driver seat at a conventional upright driving posture. Relevant body landmarks and angles as well as profile streams of the mockup and the ATD were recorded. The seatback was then reclined stepwise. The ATD was repositioned and the recording procedure repeated at every posture until the seatback was fully reclined. Examination of the ATD assemblies and hinge mechanisms was performed, searching for limitations that could result on inadequate positioning or performance under impact. An eventual SAEJ3016 Level 3 cross-legged posture (SAE J3016, 2021) was considered for examination as well.
Most relevant anthropometric constraints were noticed at the abdomen and the shoulder and neck assemblies: At the abdomen, a gap between the pelvis and the lower torso appeared at seatback recline angles larger than 30°, likely promoting belt intrusion in case of a test event, and the lumbar spine rubber deformed progressively in a manner that might cause tearing damage. The number and arrangement of the shoulder clevis detents, on the other hand, did not allow the arm to be placed at intermediate positions. Finally, the current neck bracket design allowed head orientation only along the sagittal plane. The head could neither be level at seatback angles larger than 43° nor be placed resting on the head restraint for seatback angle values larger than 59°.
The WorldSID ATD stands as an accurate 50 percentile human being surrogate in upright and low/mid reclined postures. Some limitations that might constrain its use in AV scenarios, though, appeared at mid/high reclined positions. Hence, design updating of the lumbar, neck and shoulder clevis assemblies, and the implementation of instrumented lower abdomen and lower arms assemblies should be taken into consideration.
NCAP 正面碰撞中使用的拟人测试设备（ATD）Thor 50 已经为即将到来的自动驾驶汽车（AV）的安全约束系统测试进行了重大修改，从而产生了 Thor-AV 50M。同样，需要对用于侧面碰撞的 ATD，即 WorldSID 50 进行深入分析，以确定其必须满足的要求，以便准确复制人体在侧面碰撞下的反应。本研究提出了关于 WorldSID 50 ATD 设计的一般考虑因素，以评估其在 AV 测试场景中的适用性。
将 WorldSID 50 ATD 放置在驾驶员座椅上，采用常规直立驾驶姿势。记录了人体模型和 ATD 的相关身体标志和角度以及轮廓流。然后逐步向后倾斜座椅靠背。重新定位 ATD，并在每个姿势下重复记录过程，直到座椅靠背完全向后倾斜。检查了 ATD 组件和铰链机构，寻找可能导致在冲击下定位或性能不足的限制。还考虑了最终的 SAEJ3016 三级交叉腿姿势（SAE J3016，2021）进行检查。
在腹部和肩部和颈部组件中发现了大多数相关的人体测量限制：在腹部，骨盆和下躯干之间出现间隙，座椅靠背向后倾斜角度大于 30°，可能会在测试事件中促进安全带侵入，并且腰椎橡胶逐渐变形，可能会造成撕裂损坏。另一方面，肩叉止动器的数量和布置不允许手臂处于中间位置。最后，当前的颈部支架设计仅允许头部在矢状面内定向。头部既不能在座椅靠背角度大于 43°时处于水平位置，也不能在座椅靠背角度大于 59°时靠在头枕上。
在直立和低/中后倾姿势下，WorldSID ATD 是准确的 50 百分位人体替代物。然而，在中/高后倾位置出现了一些可能限制其在 AV 场景中使用的限制。因此，应该考虑对腰椎、颈部和肩部叉组件进行设计更新，并实施仪器化的下腹部和下臂组件。
