Cozzi Giorgio, Cortellazzo Wiel Luisa, Amaddeo Alessandro, Gatto Antonio, Giangreco Manuela, Klein-Kremer Adi, Bosis Samantha, Silvagni Davide, Debbia Carla, Nanni Laura, Chiappa Sara, Minute Marta, Corsini Ilaria, Morabito Giuliana, Gortan Anna Jolanda, Colombo Marco, Marchetti Federico, Garelli Davide, Piffer Arianna, Cardinale Fabio, Levy Nitai, Curatola Antonietta, Gojsina Bojana, Basu Suvradeep, Barbi Egidio, Sovtic Aleksandar
IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Arch Dis Child. 2022 Aug 18;107(9):840-844. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-323559.
Bronchiolitis is the leading acute respiratory tract infection in infants during the winter season. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a reduction in the number of bronchiolitis diagnoses has been registered.
The present study aimed to describe the incidence and clinical features of bronchiolitis during the 2020-2021 winter season in a large cohort of children in Europe and Israel, and to clarify the role of SARS-CoV-2.
SETTING, PATIENTS, INTERVENTIONS: We conducted a multicentre observational cross-sectional study in 23 paediatric emergency departments in Europe and Israel. Clinical and demographic data about all the cases of infants diagnosed with bronchiolitis from 1 October 2020 to 30 April 2021 were collected. For each enrolled patient, diagnostic tests, treatments and outcomes were reported.
The main outcome was the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-positive bronchiolitis.
Three hundred and fourteen infants received a diagnosis of bronchiolitis during the study period. Among 535 infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16 (3%) had bronchiolitis. Median age, male sex predominance, weight, history of prematurity and presence of comorbidities did not differ between the SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative groups. Rhinovirus was the most common involved pathogen, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected in one case. SARS-CoV-2 bronchiolitis had a mild clinical course, with one patient receiving oxygen supplementation and none requiring paediatric or neonatal intensive care unit admission.
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a marked decrease in the number of bronchiolitis diagnoses and the disappearance of the RSV winter epidemic were observed. SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis was rare and mostly displayed a mild clinical course.
细支气管炎是冬季婴儿急性呼吸道感染的主要病因。自新冠疫情开始以来，细支气管炎的诊断病例数有所减少。
本研究旨在描述2020 - 2021年冬季欧洲和以色列一大群儿童中细支气管炎的发病率和临床特征，并阐明新冠病毒的作用。
设置、患者、干预措施：我们在欧洲和以色列的23个儿科急诊科进行了一项多中心观察性横断面研究。收集了2020年10月1日至2021年4月30日期间所有诊断为细支气管炎的婴儿的临床和人口统计学数据。报告了每位入选患者的诊断检查、治疗和结局。
主要结局是新冠病毒阳性细支气管炎的患病率。
在研究期间，314名婴儿被诊断为细支气管炎。在535名新冠病毒检测呈阳性的婴儿中，16名（3%）患有细支气管炎。新冠病毒阳性组和阴性组在中位年龄、男性占优势、体重、早产史和合并症方面无差异。鼻病毒是最常见的相关病原体，仅1例检测到呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）。新冠病毒细支气管炎临床病程较轻，1例患者接受了吸氧治疗，无人需要入住儿科或新生儿重症监护病房。
在新冠疫情期间，观察到细支气管炎诊断病例数显著减少，且RSV冬季流行消失。与新冠病毒相关的细支气管炎很少见，且大多临床病程较轻。
