Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
J Transl Med. 2022 Jun 15;20(1):271. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03472-x.
After the success of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced metastatic cancer, further evaluation in earlier settings, including high-risk, surgically-resectable disease is underway. Potential benefits of a neoadjuvant immunotherapeutic approach include presurgical tumor shrinkage, reduced surgical morbidity, early eradication of micrometastases and prevention of distant disease, and greater antigen-specific T cell response. For some cancers, pathologic response has been established as a surrogate measure for long-term outcomes, therefore offering the ability for early and objective assessment of treatment efficacy and the potential to inform and personalize adjuvant treatment clinical decision-making. Leveraging the neoadjuvant treatment setting offers the ability to deeply interrogate longitudinal tissue in order to gain translatable, pan-malignancy insights into response and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy across cancers was a focus of discussion at the virtual Immunotherapy Bridge meeting (December 1-2, 2021). Clinical, biomarker, and pathologic insights from prostate, breast, colon, and non-small-cell lung cancers, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers were discussed and are summarized in this report.
免疫疗法在治疗晚期转移性癌症方面取得成功后,人们正在更早期的阶段(包括高危、可手术切除的疾病)对其进行进一步评估。新辅助免疫治疗方法的潜在益处包括术前肿瘤缩小、降低手术发病率、早期消灭微转移和预防远处疾病以及增强抗原特异性 T 细胞反应。对于某些癌症,病理反应已被确立为长期预后的替代指标,因此能够对治疗效果进行早期和客观的评估,并有可能提供信息和个性化辅助治疗临床决策。利用新辅助治疗环境可以深入研究纵向组织,从而深入了解免疫治疗的反应和耐药机制,获得可转化的泛癌见解。在 2021 年 12 月 1 日至 2 日举行的虚拟免疫治疗桥接会议上,癌症的新辅助免疫治疗是讨论的重点。本报告总结了来自前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和非小细胞肺癌、黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的临床、生物标志物和病理见解。