Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
Reprod Fertil. 2022 Apr 29;3(2):R96-R108. doi: 10.1530/RAF-21-0123. eCollection 2022 Apr 1.
Fatty acids (FA) are one of the substrates that can be oxidized for energy production. The blood concentration of all types of FA varies according to different nutrition conditions, and follicular fluid levels are generally in line with serum levels. Elevated levels of FA, especially non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), are commonly found in females with metabolic issues, which are often related to subfertility in many species including humans, pigs, cattle, and mice. Long-time exposure to an excessive quantity of fatty acids impairs the cell structure and functions causing injuries in tissues and organs, resulting in lipotoxicity and eventually hampering health and fertility. High levels of saturated NEFA can have detrimental effects on granulosa cells, oocyte quality, and embryo development. Although the harmful effects of FA are established in reproductive tissues, how granulosa cells and cumulus cells respond and cooperate with oocytes when exposed to NEFA requires further understanding. This review provides a summary of the adverse impacts of exposure to NEFA during maturation on oocytes, follicular cells, and embryos. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of NEFA on oocytes would improve our understanding of the impacts of natural exposure .
Exposure to excess FAs affects the health of eggs, early embryos, and children born from these. The way different cell types react to excess FAs has not been studied very extensively, especially in pigs which provide a good model to investigate the impact of nutrition on the ovaries in humans. This review also looks at the way cells surrounding the egg react to FAs to help our understanding of the impact of excess fatty acids on female fertility.
脂肪酸（FA）是可用于能量产生的氧化底物之一。所有类型的 FA 的血液浓度根据不同的营养条件而变化，并且卵泡液水平通常与血清水平一致。在具有代谢问题的女性中，通常会发现 FA 水平升高，尤其是非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）升高，这在包括人类、猪、牛和小鼠在内的许多物种中通常与亚生育力有关。长时间暴露于过量的脂肪酸会损害细胞结构和功能，导致组织和器官损伤，从而导致脂肪毒性，最终损害健康和生育能力。高水平的饱和 NEFA 可能对颗粒细胞、卵母细胞质量和胚胎发育产生不利影响。尽管在生殖组织中已经确立了 FA 的有害作用，但当 NEFA 暴露时，颗粒细胞和卵丘细胞如何与卵母细胞相互作用和合作仍需要进一步了解。这篇综述总结了 NEFA 在卵母细胞成熟过程中暴露对卵母细胞、卵泡细胞和胚胎的不良影响。全面了解 NEFA 对卵母细胞的影响将有助于我们了解自然暴露的影响。
暴露于过量的 FAs 会影响卵子、早期胚胎和这些胚胎出生的儿童的健康。不同细胞类型对过量 FAs 的反应方式尚未得到广泛研究，特别是在猪中，猪为研究营养对人类卵巢的影响提供了良好的模型。这篇综述还研究了围绕卵子的细胞对 FAs 的反应方式，以帮助我们了解过量脂肪酸对女性生育能力的影响。
