Obiwulu Anthony Umunnakwe, Erusiafe Nald, Olopade Muteeu Abayomi, Nwokolo Samuel Chukwujindu
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
Heliyon. 2022 Jun 6;8(6):e09598. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09598. eCollection 2022 Jun.
This research was designed to apply measured and theoretically derived models to estimate the optimal tilt angle (), maximum incident solar radiation (H), and global radiation index (GRI) in Lagos and 37 metropolitan cities in Nigeria. Six modules were mounted at different tilt angles with two modules north-facing, three south-facing, and one positioned horizontally to determine the orientation and tilt angle performance. Overall, the 16.8° module 4 south-facing tilted emerged as the best performing module for H, with maximum output power, and much more than 6.174 annual earned energy reported on module 6 mounted horizontally. The GRI obtained from the six solar modules revealed a significant coefficient of 1.0269 for module 1 north-facing, 0.9923 for module 2 north-facing, 1.0217 for module 3 south-facing, 0.9609 for module 4 south-facing, and 1.0232 for module 5 south-facing for the values obtained from the horizontally positioned module 6. In-depth statistical analysis of the effectiveness of values observed against the predicted values to estimate the optimal and maximum inclination angle of incident solar radiation using error metrics and GPI revealed that model 5, model 12, model 14, model 17, and model 14 outperform the other estimation models in their respective categories. A similar statistical analysis of model 14 with the best performance was performed to estimate the best inclination angle in 37 metropolitan cities in Nigeria compared to two models consolidated in the literature; model 14 performed admirably in terms of accuracy compared to the two models obtained from the literature.
本研究旨在应用实测模型和理论推导模型，估算拉各斯及尼日利亚37个大城市的最佳倾斜角度（）、最大入射太阳辐射（H）和全球辐射指数（GRI）。六个模块以不同倾斜角度安装，其中两个朝北，三个朝南，一个水平放置，以确定朝向和倾斜角度性能。总体而言，朝南倾斜16.8°的模块4成为H性能最佳的模块，具有最大输出功率，远高于水平安装的模块6报告的每年6.174的发电量。从六个太阳能模块获得的GRI显示，对于从水平放置的模块6获得的值，朝北的模块1的显著系数为1.0269，朝北的模块2为0.9923，朝南的模块3为1.0217，朝南的模块4为0.9609，朝南的模块5为1.0232。使用误差度量和GPI对观测值与预测值进行深入统计分析，以估计入射太阳辐射的最佳和最大倾斜角度，结果表明模型5、模型12、模型14、模型17和模型14在各自类别中优于其他估计模型。对性能最佳的模型14进行了类似的统计分析，以估计尼日利亚37个大城市的最佳倾斜角度，并与文献中合并的两个模型进行比较；与从文献中获得的两个模型相比，模型14在准确性方面表现出色。
