Fiore Giulia, Magenes Vittoria C, DI Profio Elisabetta, Milanta Chiara, Calcaterra Valeria, Diamanti Antonella, Campoy Cristina, Zuccotti Gianvincenzo, Verduci Elvira
Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Minerva Pediatr (Torino). 2022 Dec;74(6):632-649. doi: 10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06964-6. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Obesity is a complex pathology, globally spread, with a multifactorial pathogenesis, strictly linked with lifestyle, hormones, genetic and epigenetic factors. Evidence supports that obesity, and its comorbidities, are related to changes in gut microbiota, partially responsible of the modulation of energy metabolism.
Pediatric obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and differences in composition of the gut microbiota, also varying according to the metabolic status of obese subjects. Indeed, differences in distributions and activity of microorganisms in the gut of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese children have been highlighted.
Based on human studies, this review aims to discuss gut microbiota alterations in obese children and adolescents and its role in obese-related complications. Moreover, the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and -marginally- postbiotics) has been analyzed as modulator of obesity-related dysbiosis.
As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about biotic mechanisms of action would be of great interest to implement the clinical care of children and adolescents with obesity and related comorbidities.
肥胖是一种复杂的病理状态，在全球范围内广泛传播，其发病机制具有多因素性，与生活方式、激素、遗传和表观遗传因素密切相关。有证据表明，肥胖及其合并症与肠道微生物群的变化有关，肠道微生物群在一定程度上参与了能量代谢的调节。
儿童肥胖与细菌多样性降低以及肠道微生物群组成差异有关，这些差异也会因肥胖受试者的代谢状态而有所不同。事实上，代谢健康和不健康的肥胖儿童肠道中微生物的分布和活性差异已得到凸显。
基于人体研究，本综述旨在探讨肥胖儿童和青少年的肠道微生物群改变及其在肥胖相关并发症中的作用。此外，还分析了生物制剂（益生菌、益生元、合生元以及 - 在一定程度上 - 后生元）作为肥胖相关生态失调调节剂的作用。
总之，深入了解生物制剂的作用机制对于实施肥胖及相关合并症儿童和青少年的临床护理具有重要意义。
