Wang Hai Lin, Zhang Yan Kai, Zhang Tai Yi, Ma Hui Feng, Cui Tie Jun
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Jun 29;14(25):29431-29440. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c05907. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
Information metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years due to the capability to link the physical world and information science. However, most of the current information metasurfaces are either phase-only coding or amplitude-only coding, limiting their functions and applications. Here, a broadband and programmable amplitude-phase-joint-coding (APJC) information metasurface is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, from which the phase and amplitude of reflected electromagnetic waves can be independently controlled by adjusting the bias voltage of PIN diode integrated in the meta-atom. In particular, the reflection amplitude can be continuously controlled from 0.1 to 0.9, and the reflection phase can be switched between two states with about 180° phase difference. Thus, the proposed metasurface is capable of realizing independent 1-bit or multibit amplitude coding and 1-bit phase coding, and both of them can be reprogrammed in real time in broad band from 8 to 13 GHz. The abilities of the programmable APJC information metasurface in manipulating the electromagnetic waves are demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experiments, including to suppress the sidelobes of scattering beam, generate the diffractive waves with arbitrary magnitudes, and so on. These results show unique advantages of APJC information metasurface in real-time independent controls of energy allocation and wavefront tailoring of the electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band.
近年来，信息超表面因能够将物理世界与信息科学联系起来而备受关注。然而，当前大多数信息超表面要么是仅相位编码，要么是仅幅度编码，这限制了它们的功能和应用。在此，提出并通过实验证明了一种宽带且可编程的幅度 - 相位联合编码（APJC）信息超表面，通过调节集成在超原子中的PIN二极管的偏置电压，可以独立控制反射电磁波的相位和幅度。特别地，反射幅度可以在0.1到0.9之间连续控制，反射相位可以在具有约180°相位差的两个状态之间切换。因此，所提出的超表面能够实现独立的1位或多位幅度编码以及1位相位编码，并且两者都可以在8至13 GHz的宽带中实时重新编程。可编程APJC信息超表面在操纵电磁波方面的能力通过数值模拟和实验得到了证明，包括抑制散射波束的旁瓣、产生任意幅度的衍射波等。这些结果显示了APJC信息超表面在宽带中对电磁波的能量分配和波前定制进行实时独立控制方面的独特优势。
