Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2022 Aug;181:113832. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113832. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging environmental pollutants, having a major ecotoxicological concern to humans and many other biotas, especially aquatic animals. The physical and chemical compositions of MPs majorly determine their ecotoxicological risks. However, comprehensive knowledge about the exposure routes and toxic effects of MPs/NPs on animals and human health is not fully known. Here this review focuses on the potential exposure routes, human health impacts, and toxicity response of MPs/NPs on human health, through reviewing the literature on studies conducted in different in vitro and in vivo experiments on organisms, human cells, and the human experimental exposure models. The current literature review has highlighted ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contacts as major exposure routes of MPs/NPs. Further, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, inflammation, immune response, neurotoxicity, metabolic disruption, and ultimately affecting digestive systems, immunology, respiratory systems, reproductive systems, and nervous systems, as serious health consequences.
微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）是新兴的环境污染物，对人类和许多其他生物群具有重大的生态毒理学关注，特别是水生动物。 MPs 的物理和化学组成主要决定了它们的生态毒理学风险。然而，关于 MPs/NPs 对动物和人类健康的暴露途径和毒性影响的综合知识尚不完全清楚。 在这里，本综述通过回顾不同体外和体内实验中对生物体、人类细胞和人类实验暴露模型进行的研究，重点关注 MPs/NPs 的潜在暴露途径、人类健康影响和毒性反应。 目前的文献综述强调了摄入、吸入和皮肤接触是 MPs/NPs 的主要暴露途径。 此外，氧化应激、细胞毒性、DNA 损伤、炎症、免疫反应、神经毒性、代谢紊乱，最终影响消化系统、免疫学、呼吸系统、生殖系统和神经系统，是严重的健康后果。
