Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, India.
Clinical Psychologist Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, India.
Child Neuropsychol. 2022 Aug;28(6):814-830. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2021.2022113. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
Developmental screening is challenging in both developed countries and developing countries. An estimated 10% of children experience developmental delay leading to disability in India. Unfortunately, the Indian literature is limited regarding early identification and intervention of developmental delays in youngsters, given multiple barriers in implementing screening. Quick screening tools can easily be integrated into the routine work-up of infants and young children in the primary health-care system and the literature has shown the efficiency of early identification and intervention for children born with high-risk profiles. Therefore, validated screening tools may improve the early identification of developmental delay in young children, further enhancing the clinical outcome of children with developmental delays. India introduced the first development screening tool in 1991, the Baroda Development Screening Test (BDST), followed by Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII), Trivandrum Development Screening Chart (TDSC). Indian researchers have adapted few development screening tools from standardized tools available from Western countries. This review highlights the different screening tools adapted in India, psychometric properties and adapted items to the gold standard, critical appraisal of most commonly used screening tools and description on strengths and limitations. The goal is to help clinicians understand the rationale behind each tool and the different domains evaluated as per the child's needs.
发展性筛查在发达国家和发展中国家都具有挑战性。据估计，印度有 10%的儿童存在发育迟缓导致残疾的问题。不幸的是，由于在实施筛查方面存在多种障碍，印度的相关文献在儿童发育迟缓的早期识别和干预方面非常有限。快速筛查工具可以很容易地整合到婴幼儿初级保健系统的常规检查中，文献表明，对高风险儿童进行早期识别和干预具有效率。因此，经过验证的筛查工具可以改善幼儿发育迟缓的早期识别，进一步提高发育迟缓儿童的临床预后。印度于 1991 年引入了第一个发展性筛查工具，即巴罗达发展筛查测试（BDST），随后是印度婴儿发育评估量表（DASII）和特里凡得琅发展筛查图（TDSC）。印度研究人员从西方国家的标准化工具中改编了一些发展性筛查工具。本综述重点介绍了在印度使用的不同筛查工具、心理测量学特性以及与金标准的适应性，对最常用的筛查工具进行了批判性评价，并描述了其优缺点。目的是帮助临床医生了解每个工具背后的基本原理以及根据儿童需求评估的不同领域。
