Department of Statistics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 20;12(1):10313. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13540-3.
Developing countries lack studies investigated the socioeconomic and parental role on students' learning skills. This study is helpful to detect bottlenecks in the foundational learning skills (reading skills and numeracy skills) in the education system of Pakistan. Reading skills of children are found better who had no functional disabilities. Mothers with higher education had a significant positive contribution toward children learning skills. Children deprived of books for reading in appropriate language had a negative impact on their reading skills. Rich children had predominantly higher possibilities of good learning skills than poor children. Parents who had not attended children's school to discuss child progress had a significantly negative effect on children's numeracy skills. Overall parental involvement in some forms had insignificantly improved children reading and numeracy skills in Punjab, Pakistan.
发展中国家缺乏研究调查社会经济和父母角色对学生学习技能的影响。本研究有助于发现巴基斯坦教育系统中基础学习技能（阅读技能和计算技能）的瓶颈。没有功能障碍的儿童阅读技能更好。母亲受教育程度越高，对孩子学习技能的贡献就越大。缺乏以适当语言阅读的书籍会对孩子的阅读技能产生负面影响。富裕家庭的孩子比贫困家庭的孩子更有可能拥有良好的学习技能。父母没有参加孩子的学校讨论孩子的进步，这对孩子的计算能力有显著的负面影响。总的来说，在旁遮普省，父母以某种形式参与对孩子的阅读和计算技能有一定程度的提升。
