Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, WA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2022 Aug;250:110456. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110456. Epub 2022 Jun 17.
Opportunities to include Cetancodontamorpha in the study of the evolution of the immune system in the clades of Artiodactylamorpha, Ruminantiamorpha, Suinamorpha, and Camelidamorpha have increased with the use of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, as a sentinel species to study the effects of environmental pollutants on the health of marine mammals. Efforts are currently underway to increase the number reagents needed for detailed studies. Thus far, screening of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) made to leukocyte differentiation molecules (LDM) and the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and class II molecules in Ruminantiamorpha have yielded some mAbs that recognize conserved epitopes expressed on orthologues in the bottlenose dolphin. More direct approaches are in progress to identify additional mAbs to bottlenose LDM and cytokines. As reported here, both direct and indirect approaches were used to identify mAbs specific for cytokines useful in monitoring the effects of environmental pollutants on the immune system. Immunization of mice with expressed bottlenose dolphin cytokines yielded mAbs specific for IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17A. Screening of previously developed mAbs used in livestock immunology research revealed mAbs developed against ovine IFN-γ and bovine IL-17 and IL-1β recognize conserved epitopes in bottlenose dolphin orthologues. The mAbs identified in the present study expand the reagents available to study the function of the immune system in bottlenose dolphins and cattle.
利用宽吻海豚作为监测海洋哺乳动物健康的哨兵物种来研究环境污染物对其的影响，增加了 Cetancodontamorpha 在研究反刍动物类、偶蹄目类、新袋鼠类和骆驼类分支的免疫系统进化中的机会。目前正在努力增加详细研究所需的试剂数量。迄今为止，对白细胞分化分子 (LDM) 和主要组织相容性 (MHC) 类 I 和类 II 分子的单克隆抗体 (mAb) 进行筛选，在反刍动物类中产生了一些识别在宽吻海豚同源物上表达的保守表位的 mAb。正在进行更直接的方法来鉴定更多的宽吻海豚 LDM 和细胞因子的 mAb。正如这里所报道的，直接和间接的方法都被用来鉴定对细胞因子具有特异性的 mAb，这些细胞因子可用于监测环境污染物对免疫系统的影响。用表达的宽吻海豚细胞因子免疫小鼠产生了针对 IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10 和 IL-17A 的 mAb。对先前用于家畜免疫学研究的 mAb 进行筛选，发现针对绵羊 IFN-γ 和牛 IL-17 和 IL-1β 的 mAb 识别宽吻海豚同源物上的保守表位。本研究中鉴定的 mAb 扩展了研究宽吻海豚和牛免疫系统功能的试剂。
