Giordano Giulia, Alesi Marianna
Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, 18998University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Percept Mot Skills. 2022 Aug;129(4):1001-1013. doi: 10.1177/00315125221109216. Epub 2022 Jun 21.
Substantial empirical evidence supports the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on executive functions, but not all forms of physical activity benefit equally. Among kindergarteners, cognitively-engaging exercise seems to more strongly effect EF than simple exercise. We aimed to investigate several qualitatively different exercise formats on kindergarteners' inhibition. Participants were 75 children (M age = 68.1 months), recruited from 14 classrooms of three kindergarten schools. They were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, free play group (non-cognitively-engaging PA), and an intervention group (cognitively-engaging PA). The intervention group performed 18 sessions of a cognitively engaging PA (tasks requiring movements and inhibitory behavior skills). We assessed "hot" and "cool" aspects of inhibition using the Day-Night Stroop test, Head-Shoulders-Knees-Toes, Gift Wrap, and Snack Delay. We found that the intervention group obtained a more consistent performance improvement on post-test measures of hot and cool inhibition than did the free play group.
大量实证证据支持体育活动（PA）对执行功能有积极影响，但并非所有形式的体育活动都有同等益处。在幼儿园儿童中，需要认知参与的运动似乎比简单运动对执行功能的影响更强。我们旨在研究几种性质不同的运动形式对幼儿园儿童抑制能力的影响。参与者为75名儿童（平均年龄 = 68.1个月），从三所幼儿园的14个班级招募而来。他们被随机分为三组：对照组、自由玩耍组（非认知参与性体育活动）和干预组（认知参与性体育活动）。干预组进行了18节需要认知参与的体育活动课程（需要动作和抑制行为技能的任务）。我们使用昼夜斯特鲁普测试、头肩膝趾测试、礼物包装测试和零食延迟测试评估了抑制能力的“热”和“冷”方面。我们发现，与自由玩耍组相比，干预组在热抑制和冷抑制的测试后测量中表现出更持续的改善。
