Song Nai-Ping, Chen Xiao-Ying, Wang Lei, Pan Ya-Qing, Yang Xin-Guo, Chen Juan, Chen Lin, Meng Chen
College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded in Northwest China, Yinchuan 750021, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 May;33(5):1387-1394. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202205.019.
The relationship between human activities and landscape patterns and its regulation are one of the core fields in landscape ecology. The ecological conditions and local cultures of agro-pastoral ecotone are gradually wea-kening due to environmental fluctuations, land-use characteristics (suitable for both farming and grazing), and unstable policy. Therefore, protecting and restoring this semi-natural landscape and the resulting biological, ecolo-gical and cultural functions are becoming increasingly urgent. Here, by combing remote sensing data with interview survey and geographic investigation, we characterized the landscape changes (1964 to 2019) of Wanjigou Village in Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which lay within the agro-pastoral ecotone. We further explored the rules of landscape succession and the underlying natural and social mechanism, as well as the interactions between landscape types. Results showed that Wanjigou Village had been subjected to a succession from the landscape characterized by grassland, arable land and sandy land to that characterized by grassland, shrub land, sandy land and arable land. The change from the competition of landscape function separation to the preliminary integration had formed a definite succession path for grassland-arable land-sandy land-shrub land. The main driving factors were a synthesis of policy, human needs, and environment. Policy often promoted landscape change through large-scale and intensified human activities, while environment promoted landscape succession through internal driving force of ecosystem toward a mutual adaption between landscape and the innate conditions. The driving factors of landscape succession were soil moisture variations caused by the change of soil physical structure, and vegetation change in adapting to new environment. In agro-pastoral ecotone with low resource density, the separation of landscape functions was one of the main reasons for land desertification. The integration and coordination of landscape functions greatly alleviated the situation of ecological deterioration. The critical path to maintain sustainable development of agro-pastoral ecotone was to achieve complementation among landscape types and even integrating with external resources by transforming landscape separation competition into landscape symbiosis.
人类活动与景观格局的关系及其调控是景观生态学的核心领域之一。由于环境波动、土地利用特征（适合农耕和放牧）以及政策不稳定，农牧交错带的生态条件和地方文化正逐渐削弱。因此，保护和恢复这片半自然景观及其产生的生物、生态和文化功能变得日益紧迫。在此，通过将遥感数据与访谈调查和地理调查相结合，我们对位于农牧交错带的宁夏回族自治区盐池县万记沟村的景观变化（1964年至2019年）进行了特征描述。我们进一步探究了景观演替规律以及潜在的自然和社会机制，以及景观类型之间的相互作用。结果表明，万记沟村经历了从以草地、耕地和沙地为特征的景观向以草地、灌木地、沙地和耕地为特征的景观的演替。从景观功能分离竞争到初步整合的变化，形成了草地 - 耕地 - 沙地 - 灌木地明确的演替路径。主要驱动因素是政策、人类需求和环境的综合作用。政策往往通过大规模和强化的人类活动推动景观变化，而环境则通过生态系统的内在驱动力促进景观演替，以实现景观与固有条件之间的相互适应。景观演替的驱动因素是土壤物理结构变化引起的土壤水分变异，以及植被适应新环境的变化。在资源密度较低的农牧交错带，景观功能的分离是土地荒漠化的主要原因之一。景观功能的整合与协调极大地缓解了生态恶化的状况。维持农牧交错带可持续发展的关键途径是通过将景观分离竞争转变为景观共生，实现景观类型之间的互补甚至与外部资源的整合。
