Brazilian Navy, Institute of Sea Studies Admiral Paulo Moreira, Department of Oceanography, Rua Kioto, 253, Praia dos Anjos, 28930-000 Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2022 Jun 17;94(suppl 2):e20210492. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210492. eCollection 2022.
In 2019, an oil spill of unprecedented dimensions and unknown source reached the Brazilian coast. Such incident, which occurred somewhere in the ocean and was detected only when the first oil patches reached the beaches in the northeastern region, is recognized as one of the most serious oil spills in the country. From the chromatographic analysis of the oily residues using n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and oil biomarkers, it was possible to characterize their coverage. The results confirmed that an oil of the same specification reached a length of coastline higher than 3,000 kilometers. However, were also found oily residues that did not match with the product involved in that incident, evidencing the occurrence of different discharges. This study documents the extension of the affected coastline during the incident and assesses the possible origin of such different oils from their geochemical characteristics by selecting 21 samples from more than 300 samples previously collected and analyzed during the response actions. The unexpected occurrence of these residues suggest chronic events. The results highlighted that unrelated oily residues were found even in a region far from the coast, indicating that discharges of oil in the open sea occur more regularly than initially expected.
2019 年，一场规模空前且来源不明的溢油事件抵达巴西海岸。这起事件发生在海洋中的某个地方，直到第一批油污到达东北部地区的海滩时才被发现，被认为是该国最严重的溢油事件之一。通过对油斑残留物进行 n-烷烃、多环芳烃 (PAH) 和油生物标志物的色谱分析，可以对其进行特征描述。结果证实，同一种规格的石油到达了超过 3000 公里的海岸线长度。然而，也发现了一些与该事件中涉及的产品不匹配的油斑残留物，表明发生了不同的排放。本研究记录了事件期间受影响海岸线的延伸情况，并通过从之前在应对行动中收集和分析的 300 多个样本中选择 21 个样本，根据其地球化学特征评估了这些不同石油的可能来源。这些残留物的意外出现表明存在慢性事件。结果表明，即使在远离海岸的地区也发现了与油污无关的残留物，这表明在公海上的石油排放比最初预期的更为频繁。
