Ding Wei, Chen Hong, Chang Han, Wang Yupeng, Zhou Dian, Feng Wei
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(54):81468-81480. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21486-2. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
Multirotor UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) have been widely used in urban vertical wind environment testing, whereas less attention has been given to the accuracy of wind speed captured by anemometers as drones fly. This paper aims to identify the ideal location of the anemometer on the UAV to obtain more accurate wind speeds and to assess the variation characteristics of wind speed in different spatial types in urban fringe areas. Accuracy verification of the lifting height of the anemometer in the UAV and wind profile test was carried out at three locations (a tennis court, a residential area, and a green park) on the iHarbour campus of Xi'an Jiaotong University. The following results were obtained: (1) the background wind speed was captured more accurately (R = 0.727, P = 0.001) when the lifting height of the anemometer was 0.00 m (as the height of the anemometer was the same as the rotors) and when the multirotor UAV was hovering in the air. However, this optimal lifting height lost 29.6% of the accuracy for capturing the background wind speed. Interestingly, when the lifting height was 0.75 m, the anemometer captured by the anemometer on the drone showed a significant negative correlation (R = - 0.682, P = 0.005) with the background wind speed. (2) The wind speed at an altitude of 1.5 m in the residential area was significantly lower than that noted at other heights, and the wind speed at 24 m was significantly lower than that at 100 m. (3) In addition, a sudden increase in wind speeds was always observed near the surface of 12 m inside the campus, which may be due to the interaction of hot surface air in this newly built-up area with the cool rural winds around it. The study presents methods and quantitative references for the application of multirotor UAVs in urban vertical wind environment testing and the evaluation of ventilation performance at different heights inside high-rise houses in urban fringe areas.
多旋翼无人机已广泛应用于城市垂直风环境测试，然而对于无人机飞行时风速仪所测风速的准确性关注较少。本文旨在确定风速仪在无人机上的理想位置，以获取更准确的风速，并评估城市边缘地区不同空间类型中风速的变化特征。在西安交通大学iHarbour校区的三个地点（一个网球场、一个居民区和一个绿色公园）进行了无人机中风速仪提升高度的精度验证和风廓线测试。得到以下结果：（1）当风速仪提升高度为0.00米（风速仪高度与旋翼高度相同）且多旋翼无人机在空中悬停时，背景风速的捕捉更为准确（R = 0.727，P = 0.001）。然而，这个最佳提升高度在捕捉背景风速时精度损失了29.6%。有趣的是，当提升高度为0.75米时，无人机上风速仪所测风速与背景风速呈现显著负相关（R = -0.682，P = 0.005）。（2）居民区1.5米高度处的风速显著低于其他高度处，24米高度处的风速显著低于100米高度处。（3）此外，在校园内12米高度附近的地表总是观测到风速突然增加，这可能是由于这个新建区域的热地表空气与周围凉爽的乡村风相互作用所致。该研究为多旋翼无人机在城市垂直风环境测试中的应用以及城市边缘地区高层房屋不同高度通风性能的评估提供了方法和定量参考。
