Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA.
Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis. Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Nutr Res. 2022 Aug;104:118-127. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.007. Epub 2022 May 28.
Low vitamin A (VA) status is common among lactating women in low-income countries. Lactation has substantial effects on mother's metabolism and VA is required in multiple biological processes, including growth, vision, immunity, and reproduction. The objective of this pilot study was to use metabolomics profiling to conduct a broad, exploratory assessment of differences in plasma metabolites associated with low VA status versus VA adequacy in lactating women. Plasma samples from lactating women who participated in a survey in Samar, Philippines, were selected from a cross-sectional study based on plasma retinol concentrations indicating low (VA-; n = 5) or adequate (VA+; n = 5) VA status (plasma retinol <0.8 or >1.05 µmol/L). The plasma results collected from 6 metabolomics assays (oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids, primary metabolomics, biogenic amines, and lipidomics) were compared by group using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight metabolites were altered in the VA- versus VA+ status groups, with 24 being lipid mediators (P < .05). These lipid mediators included lower concentrations of arachidonic acid- and eicosapentaenoic acid-derived oxylipins, as well as lysophospholipids and sphingolipids, in the VA- group (P < .05). Chemical similarity enrichment analysis identified hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acids, and dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids as significantly altered oxylipin clusters (P < .0001, false discovery rate [FDR] P < .0001), as well as sphingomyelins, saturated lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines (P < .001, FDR P < .01). The multiassay nutritional metabolomics profiling of low VA status compared with adequacy in lactating women was characterized by reduced lipid mediator concentrations. Future studies with stronger study designs and larger sample size are needed to confirm and validate these preliminary results.
低收入国家哺乳期妇女普遍存在维生素 A（VA）水平低的情况。哺乳期对母亲的新陈代谢有重大影响，VA 是多种生物过程所必需的，包括生长、视力、免疫和生殖。本研究旨在利用代谢组学分析对哺乳期妇女 VA 状态低下与充足时的血浆代谢物差异进行广泛的探索性评估。从菲律宾萨马尔的一项横断面研究中选择参与调查的哺乳期妇女的血浆样本，根据血浆视黄醇浓度（<0.8 或 >1.05 µmol/L）确定低 VA 状态（VA-）和充足 VA 状态（VA+）。通过液相色谱-质谱比较了来自 6 种代谢组学测定（氧化脂类、内源性大麻素、胆汁酸、初级代谢组学、生物胺和脂质组学）的血浆结果。与 VA+状态组相比，VA-状态组有 28 种代谢物发生变化，其中 24 种为脂质介质（P <.05）。VA-组中花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸衍生的氧化脂类以及溶血磷脂和鞘脂类的浓度较低（P <.05）。化学相似性富集分析确定羟基二十碳四烯酸、羟基二十碳五烯酸和二羟基二十碳四烯酸为显著改变的氧化脂类簇（P <.0001，错误发现率[FDR]P <.0001），以及鞘磷脂、饱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺（P <.001，FDR P <.01）。与哺乳期妇女充足 VA 状态相比，VA 状态低下的多分析营养代谢组学特征为脂质介质浓度降低。需要进行具有更强研究设计和更大样本量的未来研究来确认和验证这些初步结果。
