Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-035, Brazil.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-035, Brazil.
Mil Med. 2022 Aug 25;187(9-10):264-271. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usac154.
In Antarctica, human access and presence are complex and require detailed planning and preparation in advance. The personnel of National Antarctic Programs (NAPs, i.e., scientists and support personnel, including military, civilians, and mountaineers) stay in different isolation, confinement, and extreme (ICE) environments such as ships, research stations, and scientific summer camps. Antarctica imposes harsh conditions that influence physiological and psychological responses impacting health, mood, and physical and cognitive performances. In this context, we argue why people should prepare in advance for staying in Antarctica and what to expect in ICE environments. We also spotlighted recommendations shared by different NAPs participant guides, including predeployment training. Next, we present a case study of the Brazilian Pre-Antarctic Training (PAT), a theoretical-practical training that provides technical and logistical information and assesses the adaptability and physical capacity of researchers and military personnel to perform fundamental activities in a polar environment. We evaluated and compared the individual's mood at the beginning and the end of the PAT week and observed group-specific mood changes depending on the sex, functions, and the facilities that participants accessed. Finally, we proposed that conducting training before staying in Antarctica, besides promoting conditions to better plan the voyage and knowledge of the region, can contribute to dealing with the possible mood swings during expeditions and even promote positive affect. Therefore, the psychophysiological effects of PAT are topics for further investigations.
在南极洲，人类的进入和存在是复杂的，需要提前进行详细的规划和准备。国家南极计划（NAP）的人员（即科学家和支持人员，包括军人、平民和登山者）在不同的隔离、禁闭和极端（ICE）环境中停留，如船只、研究站和科学夏令营。南极洲带来了恶劣的条件，影响了生理和心理反应，影响了健康、情绪以及身体和认知表现。在这种情况下，我们讨论了为什么人们应该提前为在南极洲的停留做准备，以及在 ICE 环境中会有什么期待。我们还强调了不同 NAP 参与者指南分享的建议，包括部署前培训。接下来，我们介绍了巴西南极前训练（PAT）的案例研究，这是一种理论与实践相结合的培训，提供技术和后勤信息，并评估研究人员和军人在极地环境中执行基本活动的适应性和身体能力。我们评估并比较了 PAT 周开始和结束时个体的情绪，并观察了根据性别、功能和参与者所使用的设施而产生的特定于群体的情绪变化。最后，我们提出，在前往南极洲之前进行培训，除了可以为更好地规划航行和了解该地区提供条件外，还可以帮助应对探险期间可能出现的情绪波动，甚至可以促进积极的影响。因此，PAT 的心理生理影响是进一步研究的主题。
