Li Jun, Xia Yuxian
Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing 401331, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Jun 3;8(6):602. doi: 10.3390/jof8060602.
The progress in research on the interactions between spp. and locusts has improved our understanding of the interactions between fungal infection and host immunity. A general network of immune responses has been constructed, and the pathways regulating fungal pathogenicity have also been explored in depth. However, there have been no systematic surveys of interaction between spp. and locusts. The pathogenesis of comprises conidial attachment, germination, appressorial formation, and colonization in the body cavity of the host locusts. Meanwhile, the locust resists fungal infection through humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we summarize the crucial pathways that regulate the pathogenesis of and host immune defense. Conidial hydrophobicity is mainly affected by the contents of hydrophobins and chitin. Appressorial formation is regulated by the pathways of MAPKs, cAMP/PKA, and Ca/calmodulin. Lipid droplets degradation and secreted enzymes contributed to fungal penetration. The humoral response of locust is coordinated by the Toll pathway and the ecdysone. The regulatory mechanism of hemocyte differentiation and migration is elusive. In addition, behavioral fever and density-dependent population immunity have an impact on the resistance of hosts against fungal infection. This review depicts a prospect to help us understand host-pathogen interactions and provides a foundation for the engineering of entomopathogenic fungi and the discovery of insecticidal targets to control insect pests.
关于[物种名称]与蝗虫相互作用的研究进展，增进了我们对真菌感染与宿主免疫相互作用的理解。已经构建了一个普遍的免疫反应网络，并且对调节真菌致病性的途径也进行了深入探索。然而，尚未有对[物种名称]与蝗虫之间相互作用的系统性调查。[物种名称]的致病机制包括分生孢子附着、萌发、附着胞形成以及在宿主蝗虫体腔内的定殖。同时，蝗虫通过体液免疫和细胞免疫抵抗真菌感染。在此，我们总结了调节[物种名称]致病机制和宿主免疫防御的关键途径。分生孢子疏水性主要受疏水蛋白和几丁质含量影响。附着胞形成受丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）、环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A（cAMP/PKA）和钙/钙调蛋白途径调控。脂滴降解和分泌的酶有助于真菌穿透。蝗虫的体液反应由Toll途径和蜕皮激素协调。血细胞分化和迁移的调控机制尚不清楚。此外，行为性发热和密度依赖性群体免疫对宿主抵抗真菌感染有影响。本综述描绘了一个前景，以帮助我们理解宿主 - 病原体相互作用，并为昆虫病原真菌工程和发现控制害虫的杀虫靶标提供基础。
