Farschtschi Sabine, Mattes Martin, Pfaffl Michael W
Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Vet Sci. 2022 May 27;9(6):255. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9060255.
A key challenge of the 21st century will be to provide the growing world population with a sustainable and secure supply of food. Consequently, the dairy farming's primary task is to lower milk losses and other inefficiencies associated with diseased cows. Moreover, a shift from curative to preventive health management would be desirable for mastitis and a wide variety of other infectious and non-infectious cattle diseases, some of which are known to have profound negative effects on the performance and well-being of cows. Differential cell counting (DCC), a procedure that aims to determine the proportions of different somatic cell types in raw milk samples, has not only the potential to optimize mastitis diagnostics, but it could furthermore serve as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the general and overall health status of dairy cows. Based on a broad search of the literature, the practical utility of various types of DCC is summarized and discussed in this review. Since it might be of advantage to interpret DCC with the aid of data from studies in humans, differences between the immune systems of humans and dairy cattle, with a special focus on surface marker expression profiles and γδ (gamma delta) T-cell characteristics, are also described.
21世纪的一项关键挑战将是为不断增长的世界人口提供可持续且可靠的食物供应。因此，奶牛养殖的首要任务是减少牛奶损失以及与患病奶牛相关的其他低效问题。此外，对于乳腺炎以及多种其他传染性和非传染性牛病而言，从治疗性健康管理转向预防性健康管理是可取的，其中一些疾病已知会对奶牛的生产性能和健康状况产生深远的负面影响。差异细胞计数（DCC）是一种旨在确定生鲜乳样品中不同体细胞类型比例的程序，它不仅有潜力优化乳腺炎诊断，而且还可作为监测奶牛总体健康状况的诊断工具。基于对文献的广泛检索，本综述总结并讨论了各类DCC的实际效用。由于借助人类研究数据来解释DCC可能具有优势，因此还描述了人类和奶牛免疫系统之间的差异，特别关注表面标志物表达谱和γδ（γ-δ）T细胞特征。
