Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, (C1427CWO), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA-CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2022 Sep;73:127016. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127016. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Geographic distribution of essential metals on earth is largely uneven. Therefore, regional specific approaches to assess metal contents in freshwater ecosystems are mandatory. Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn concentrations were measured in water, sediments and fish tocharacterize the partitioning of these essential and non-essential metals in three river ecosystems of the Pampean Plain==.
Water, sediment and eight fish species were collected at three rivers from the Pampean Plain. After sample-specific pretreatments, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in water, sediment and muscle were determined in triplicate by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Contamination (Hakanson´s index) and bioconcentration factors were calculated to assess the degree of contamination and the relationship between the matrices, while the target hazard quotient was estimated to explore the risk to human health from fish consumption.
Water metal concentration was below detection limit in all sampled rivers. Sediments were mostly enriched by Mn (186-474 mg kg) followed by Zn (36.8-40.3 mg kg), whereas in fish, the situation was the opposite, suggesting different biogeochemical pathways and uneven bioaccumulation of these elements. The largest concentrations for all explored metals were invariably recorded in fish from the Sauce Grande River, although only Cd, Cu and Ni in sediments were highest at this site. Indeed, the bioconcentration factor showed that Cd and Zn are actively accumulated by almost all species in all sampled rivers. The Targeted Hazard Quotient based on the muscle metal concentration tissue of the edible fish species (Odontesthes bonariensis) was less than 1.
None metal seemed to pose a significant risk for humans. In some sites biota-sediment concentration factors of Cd and Zn and muscle Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb levels were highest in the silurid Pimelodella laticeps, suggesting that it may be used as a sentinel species for biomonitoring programs in Neotropical fish assemblages.
地球上必需金属的地理分布极不均匀。因此，有必要针对淡水生态系统采用区域性的具体方法来评估金属含量。本研究旨在测定潘帕斯平原三条河流系统中的水、沉积物和鱼类中 Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb、Ni、Mn 和 Zn 的浓度，以表征这些必需和非必需金属在水生态系统中的分布。
在潘帕斯平原的三条河流中采集了水、沉积物和 8 种鱼类样本。对特定样本进行预处理后，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）对水、沉积物和肌肉中的 Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 浓度进行了三次重复测定。利用 Hakanson 指数和生物浓缩系数来评估污染程度和各基质之间的关系，同时估算目标危害系数以探讨鱼类消费对人类健康的风险。
在所采样的所有河流中，水中金属浓度均低于检测限。沉积物中 Mn 的含量最高（186-474mg/kg），其次是 Zn（36.8-40.3mg/kg），而鱼类中的情况则相反，表明这些元素具有不同的地球化学途径和不均匀的生物积累。在所研究的所有金属中，Sauce Grande 河中的所有鱼类的浓度均最高，尽管仅在该地点的沉积物中 Cd、Cu 和 Ni 的浓度最高。实际上，生物浓缩系数表明，几乎所有鱼类都在所有采样河流中积极地积累 Cd 和 Zn。基于可食用鱼类（Odontesthes bonariensis）肌肉金属浓度的目标危害系数小于 1。
没有一种金属似乎对人类构成重大风险。在一些地点，生物-沉积物 Cd 和 Zn 的浓度系数以及肌肉中 Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn 和 Pb 的水平在 Siluriformes 鱼类 Pimelodella laticeps 中最高，表明它可能被用作新热带鱼类组合生物监测计划的指示物种。
