University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Drive, Suite 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84122, USA.
University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Drive, Suite 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84122, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Aug 15;436:129215. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129215. Epub 2022 May 25.
The explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) presents a physiochemical challenge for treatment of munitions wastewater. Leveraging NTO's ionic character in neutral pH wastewater allows for expanded treatment options. Four commercial drinking water anion exchange resins specific for NO and ClO were evaluated for NTO adsorption extent, adsorption kinetics, and regeneration potential. Batch studies demonstrated NTO adsorption to all resins tested (max 690 mg NTO/g resin) and that resins were regenerable with 6% NaCl. Adsorption capacities (88-99%) and desorption efficiencies (80-85%) of NTO from the resins remained stable over three loading cycles. Perchlorate selective resins adsorbed more NTO, with larger desorption efficiencies, than nitrate selective resins. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that equilibrium adsorption between NTO and resins occurs within 120 min of exposure, following the pseudo second-order model (K range 9.8 × 10 to 15 × 10 g resin/mg NTO/min). Intraparticle diffusion modeling suggested that boundary-layer diffusion was the predominant sorption mechanism in NTO adsorption to the resins compared to intraparticle diffusion. In synthetic wastewater mixtures of NTO, 2-4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), nitroguanidine (NQ), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), only NTO was exchanged to any great extent. This work suggests that perchlorate anion exchange resins may be a viable segregation technology for NTO from munitions wastewater as compared to activated carbon.
3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）在理化性质上给处理弹药废水带来了挑战。利用 NTO 在中性 pH 废水的离子特性，可以扩大处理选择。评估了四种针对 NO 和 ClO 的商业饮用水阴离子交换树脂对 NTO 吸附程度、吸附动力学和再生潜力。批量研究表明，所有测试的树脂都能吸附 NTO（最大 690 mg NTO/g 树脂），并且可以用 6%的 NaCl 进行再生。从树脂上吸附 NTO 的吸附容量（88-99%）和洗脱效率（80-85%）在三个加载循环中保持稳定。与硝酸盐选择性树脂相比，高氯酸选择性树脂吸附更多的 NTO，且洗脱效率更高。动力学实验表明，NTO 与树脂之间的平衡吸附在暴露 120 分钟内完成，符合准二级模型（K 值范围为 9.8×10 至 15×10 g 树脂/mg NTO/min）。内扩散模型表明，与内扩散相比，边界层扩散是 NTO 吸附到树脂上的主要吸附机制。在 NTO、2-4-二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN）、硝基胍（NQ）和六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪（RDX）的合成废水混合物中，只有 NTO 被大量交换。与活性炭相比，这项工作表明，高氯酸阴离子交换树脂可能是从弹药废水中分离 NTO 的可行分离技术。
