Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Aug 15;436:129225. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129225. Epub 2022 May 24.
Maternal exposure to microplastics (MPs) plays an important role in the fitness of unexposed progeny. In this study, the transgenerational effects of polyethylene MP fragments (17.35 ± 5.50 µm) containing benzophenone-3 (BP-3; 2.85 ± 0.16% w/w) on chronic toxicity (21 d) in Daphnia magna were investigated across four generations. Only D. magna in the F0 generation was exposed to MP fragments, MP/BP-3 fragments, and BP-3 leachate to identify the transgenerational effect in the F3 generation. The mortality of D. magna induced by MP and MP/BP-3 fragments was recovered in the F3 generation, but somatic growth and reproduction significantly decreased compared to the control. Additionally, reproduction of D. magna exposed to BP-3 leachate significantly decreased in the F3 generation. These findings confirmed the transgenerational effects of MP fragment and BP-3 additive on D. magna. Particularly, the adverse effect on D. magna reproduction seemed to be cumulative across four generations for MP/BP-3 fragments, while it was an acclimation trend for BP-3 leachate. However, there was no significant difference in global DNA methylation in D. magna across four generations, thus requiring a gene-specific DNA methylation study to identify different epigenetic transgenerational inheritance.
母体暴露于微塑料（MPs）在未暴露后代的适应能力中起着重要作用。在这项研究中，研究了含有二苯甲酮-3（BP-3；2.85±0.16%w/w）的聚乙烯 MP 碎片（17.35±5.50µm）对大型溞（Daphnia magna）的慢性毒性（21d）的跨代效应，共跨越四代。仅在 F0 代中，大型溞暴露于 MP 碎片、MP/BP-3 碎片和 BP-3 浸出液中，以鉴定 F3 代中的跨代效应。在 F3 代中，MP 和 MP/BP-3 碎片诱导的大型溞死亡率得到恢复，但与对照组相比，体生长和繁殖显著降低。此外，暴露于 BP-3 浸出液的大型溞繁殖在 F3 代中显著降低。这些发现证实了 MP 片段和 BP-3 添加剂对大型溞的跨代效应。特别是，MP/BP-3 碎片对大型溞繁殖的不利影响似乎在四代中呈累积趋势，而 BP-3 浸出液则呈适应趋势。然而，在四代中大型溞的全球 DNA 甲基化没有显著差异，因此需要进行基因特异性 DNA 甲基化研究以确定不同的表观遗传跨代遗传。
