Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 7;23(12):6388. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126388.
Cutaneous melanoma is the main cause of death for skin cancer. The majority of patients with a diagnosis of melanoma have localized disease, which can be successfully treated with surgical treatment. However, the surgical approach is not curative for advanced melanoma (AM). Indeed, the management of AM is still challenging, since melanoma is the solid tumor with the highest number of mutations and cancer cells have the capacity to evade the immune system. In the past, the treatment of AM relied on chemotherapeutic agents, without showing efficacy data. Recent knowledge on melanoma pathogenesis as well as the introduction of immunotherapies, targeted therapies vaccines, small molecules, and combination therapies has revolutionized AM management, showing promising results in terms of effectiveness and safety. The aim of this review is to assess and to discuss the role of emerging therapies for AM management in order to obtain a complete overview of the currently available treatment options and future perspectives.
皮肤黑色素瘤是皮肤癌死亡的主要原因。大多数诊断为黑色素瘤的患者为局限性疾病，手术治疗可成功治疗。然而，对于晚期黑色素瘤（AM），手术方法并非根治性的。事实上，AM 的治疗仍然具有挑战性，因为黑色素瘤是突变数量最多的实体肿瘤，癌细胞有逃避免疫系统的能力。过去，AM 的治疗依赖于化疗药物，没有显示出疗效数据。最近对黑色素瘤发病机制的认识以及免疫疗法、靶向治疗、疫苗、小分子和联合治疗的引入彻底改变了 AM 的管理，在有效性和安全性方面显示出有希望的结果。本综述的目的是评估和讨论新兴疗法在 AM 管理中的作用，以全面了解目前可用的治疗选择和未来的前景。
