Szewczenko Wiktor
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Łukasiewicza Str. 17, 09-400 Płock, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Jun 7;15(12):4056. doi: 10.3390/ma15124056.
The main building materials widely used worldwide are those based on cement, glass, and ceramics. Taking into account the fact that the raw material base for the production of these materials is narrowing, and the quality of raw materials is declining, methods are being used to modify the structure of silicate materials in order to improve their properties when using cheaper raw materials and industrial waste, which should help reduce the energy intensity of their production. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption is the use of alkaline components in the chemical composition of silicate materials, which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of their synthesis. However, the presence of alkalis in the material at the stage of the operation is undesirable since it contributes, for example, to a decrease in the chemical resistance of silicate glasses or leads to the phenomenon of alkaline corrosion in cement products. In this regard, in order to reduce the negative impact of alkalis, it is necessary to extract them from the surface layers of the silicate material. There are various methods for extracting alkalis from silicate materials, some of which are presented in this article.
全球广泛使用的主要建筑材料是基于水泥、玻璃和陶瓷的材料。考虑到这些材料生产的原料基础正在变窄，且原料质量在下降，人们正在采用方法来改变硅酸盐材料的结构，以便在使用更廉价的原料和工业废料时提高其性能，这有助于降低其生产的能源强度。降低能源消耗的方法之一是在硅酸盐材料的化学成分中使用碱性成分，这使得降低其合成温度成为可能。然而，在使用阶段材料中存在碱是不可取的，因为例如它会导致硅酸盐玻璃的耐化学性降低或导致水泥产品中的碱腐蚀现象。因此，为了减少碱的负面影响，有必要从硅酸盐材料的表层提取它们。有多种从硅酸盐材料中提取碱的方法，本文介绍了其中一些方法。
